Assessment of cardiovascular system Flashcards
1
Q
function of cardiovascular system
A
generation of blood pressure
2
Q
2 types of routing blood
A
pulmonic and systematic
3
Q
circulation of pulmonic
A
heart to lungs for oxygenation
4
Q
circulation of systematic
A
oxygenated blood for lungs to the body; deoxygenated blood from the body to heart for reoxygenation
5
Q
ensure one way blood flow
A
heart valves
6
Q
regulate the blood supply
A
sphincters in the blood vessels
7
Q
where is the heart enclosed
A
thoracic cavity/ inverted hole
8
Q
is the point of maximal impulse
A
apical pulse
9
Q
where to auscultate when you are asked to take the apical pulse
A
5th intercostal space
10
Q
2 types of pericardium
A
fibrous
serous
11
Q
pericardium that adheres to the chest wall
A
fibrous
12
Q
pericardium that includes parietal and visceral
A
serous
13
Q
pericardium that covers the heart
A
visceral
14
Q
responsible for the lubrication of the heart
A
pericardial cavity with pericardial fluid
15
Q
4 chambers of the heart
A
right atrium
left atrium
right ventricle
left ventricle
16
Q
reservoirs of blood or collecting chambers receives blood from either the vena cava or pulmonary veins
A
atria
17
Q
major blood pumping chambers which pump blood to the aorta or pulmonary arteries
A
ventricles
18
Q
major pumping chamber
A
left ventricle because of the EXERT OF THE HIGH PRESSURE IN AORTA, and also thicker MYOCARDIUM
19
Q
oxygenated blood; left or right chamber
A
left
20
Q
deoxygenated blood; left or right chamber
A
right
21
Q
muscle layer of the heart
A
myocardium
22
Q
part between left and right atria and ventricles
A
septum
23
Q
is septum open when we are in our mothers womb
A
yes
24
Q
is lungs functioning when we are our mothers womb
A
no
25
is septum open when we are born
no
26
is lungs functioning when we are born
yes
27
pumping of deoxygenated blood to the body will present
cyanosis
28
pumping of deoxygenated blood to the body the fingers will be
clubbed
29
prevent regurgitation by ensuring one-way blood flow
heart valves
30
2 valves of AV
mitral and tricuspid valve
31
prevents blood from regurgitating to ensure it does not flow from ventricle to atria
mitral and tricuspid valve
32
2 valves of semilunar
aortic (left ventricle) and pulmonic (right ventricle)
33
comes from the closure of the heart valves
heart sounds
34
is the closure of the av valves
lub or S1
35
is the closure of the semilunar valves
dub or s2
36
when ventricles contract the av valves should be _____ while the semilunar valves are ______
closed; open
37
when atria contract the av valves should be _____ while the semilunar valves are ______
open; close
38
best place to hear aortic valve (intercostal space and border)
2nd intercostal space, right sternal border
39
best place to hear pulmonic valve (intercostal space and border)
left 2nd intercostal space, left sternal border
40
best place to hear tricuspid valve (intercostal space and border)
4th intercostal space , left sternal border
41
best place to hear tricuspid valve (intercostal space and border)
4th intercostal space , left sternal border
42
best place to hear mitral valve (intercostal space and border)
5th intercostal space, mid clavicular line
43
best landmark for pulmonary and cardiac assessment is
sternal angle of louis
44
dub is louder at the (intercostal space and border)
2nd intercostal space, both left and right border (aortic and pulmonic)
45
lub is louder at the (intercostal space and border)
4th intercostal space, midclavicular line, 5th intercostal space, midclavicular line
46
skeletal muscles receives % of oxygen when we rest
30
47
skeletal muscles receives % of oxygen when we exercis
increases to 70
48
cardiac muscles receives % of oxygen when we rest
70
49
cardiac muscles receives % of oxygen when we exercise
no increasing
50
heart muscles receives % of blood while resting
70
51
heart muscles receives % of blood while exercising
no increasing
52
responsible for heart rate and heart patent
conduction system
53
3 characteristics of conduction system
automaticity
conductivity
contractility
54
characteristics of conduction system; ability to generate an electric impulse automatically
automaticity
55
characteristics of the conduction system; ability to pass the impulse to the next cell
conductivity
56
characteristics of conduction system; ability to shorten fibers
contractility
57
bpm of SA node
60-100
58
bpm of AV NODE
40
59
bpm of Purkinje fibers
20
60
done when heart is already stopped
CPR
61
done to stop the heart
defibrillation
62
do we defibrillate when the patient is systole
no
63
volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle over 1 minute
cardiac output
64
formula for cardiac output
co = stroke volume x heart rate
65
amount of blood that is ejected every heartbeat
stroke volume
66
number of times the heart contract per minute
heart rate
67
stroke volume depends on (3)
preload, contractility, after load
68
stretching of muscle fibers in the ventricles
preload
69
ability of the cardiac muscle to shorten
contractility
70
the more the cardiac muscles are stretched, the more it will contract
starling law of the heart
71
the pressure that the ventricular muscles must generate to overcome the higher pressure in the aorta to get the blood out of the heart
afterload
72
decrease of blood in the brain meaning
dizziness
73
shortness of breath
dyspnea
74
if the patient feel that something is pressing on their chest (nakadagan)
coronary heart disease
75
the body should be elevated at what degrees
30
76
examiner should stand at the ____ of the patient
right
77
use ____ light source for deep veins that usually not seen, to best appreciate pulsations
tangential
78
what to inspect in cardiovascular system
cyanosis
clubbing
respiratory pattern
observe for neck vein distention
chest pulsations
abdominal pulsation
79
where to inspect for cyanosis when your patient is in the darker side
tongue and mucous membrane
80
technique for cyanosis
schamroth
81
thin grayish white arc or circle at the edge of the cornea
arcus senilis
82
indicative of atherosclerosis
arcus senilis
83
slightly raised, yellowish, circumscribed plaques in the skin along the nasal area of portion of the eyelids
xanthelasma
84
due to lipid-filled cells in the dermis, fatty deposition of blood vessels
xanthelasma
85
caused by staphylococcus aureus
subconjunctival petechiae
86
causes bacterial endocarditis and can lead to infection of the heart
subconjunctival petechiae
87
linear reddish-brown lesions in the nail beds, group of 8 streptococcus, sign of bacterial infection
splinter hemorrhages
88
macular, blanching and non painful lesion caused by streptococcus bovid, leads to heart infection
janeway's lesion
89
tender, papulopustules located on the pulp of the fingers caused by staphylococcus areas
osler's node
90
does veins have pulsations?
none
91
where to put the ruler when measuring JVP
sternal angle
92
used to measure pressure of right atrium
jugular vein distention
93
normal height for the jugular veins not to be congested
less than 3cm at 45 degree fowler
94
how to compute for cvp
at 5 cm to the height measured
95
humming vibrations, can be felt
thrills
96
murmur like sound of vascular origin
bruit
97
forceful risings of the landmark area
heaves/lifts
98
purpose of percussion
determine cardiac border
99
what intercostal spaces are need to be percussed
5th, 3rd, 2nd from anterior axillary line to left sternal border
100
percussing the heart should change from
resonance lung to dullness
101
factors affecting the loudness of S1
LV contraction
Hemorrhage
Open Mitral Valve
102
heart sounds; closure of av valves
s1
103
heart sounds; closure of semilunar valves
s2
104
heart sounds; ventricular gallop
s3
105
heart sounds; atrial gallop
s4
106
heart sounds; heard before s1
s4
107
resting of the heart
diastole
108
contraction of ventricles
systole
109
a sound or vibration made by blood flowing through a normal valve or an abnormal valve
murmur
110
a sound made by blood flowing backwards through a leaking valve
murmur
111
murmur; there is additional sound that can be heard because of incompetent or stenosed valve
functional
112
functional valve; loose valves
incompetent
113
functional valve; hard, constricted valves
stenosed
114
abnormal murmurs
pathologic
115
grade of murmurs; very faint, heard only after listener has "tuned in", may not be heard in all positions
grade 1
116
grade of murmurs; quiet, but heard immediately after placing the stethoscope on the chest
grade 2
117
grade of murmurs; moderately loud
grade 3
118
grade of murmurs; loud with palpable thrill
grade 4
119
grade of murmurs; very loud with thrill, may be heard when the stethoscope is partly off the chest
grade 5
120
grade of murmurs; very loud with thrill, may be heard with a stethoscope entirely off the chest
grade 6
