HE - LECTURE #2

Question 1

who made the theory of Classical Conditioning

Answer 1

Ivan Pavlov

Question 2

A learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and naturally occurring stimulus

Answer 2

Classical Conditioning

Question 3

The dog salivates immediately after he smells the newly cooked food. While, the dog has no response with the whistle sound and will not salivate, because it does not see the association between the whistle sound and the food. However, when you continually connect and put the two together, the dog will salivate. Continue doing that until the dog realizes that when the whistle is blown, it automatically associates it with the food coming and salivates. What example is this?

Answer 3

Classical Conditioning

Question 4

patients in the psych ward are taught: bell = medication time. What example is this?

Answer 4

classical conditioning

Question 5

who made the theory of connectionism theory

Answer 5

EDWARD THORNDIKE

Question 6

TRIAL+ERROR relationship between the stimulus (S) and the response (r)

Answer 6

connectionism theory

Question 7

what are the 3 laws of connectionism theory

Answer 7

law of effect
law of readiness
law of exercise

Question 8

Satisfying results = increase in certain response
Unsatisfying results = decrease in response
what law of connectionism theory?

Answer 8

law of effect

Question 9

ready to learn = satisfied in learning
Ready to learn but does not learn = Annoyed student
Not ready to learn and does not learn = Annoyed student
Thus, have a patient whose ready to learn and eventually learn something from you for them to be satisfied in learning

Answer 9

law of readiness

Question 9

“If you don’t use it,you lose it”

Answer 9

Law of exercise

Question 10

what is the role of the teacher? (3)

Answer 10

respond with reinforcement (law of effect)
motivate student to learn ( law of readiness)
repeat + emphasize (law of exercise)

Question 11

who made the theory of operant conditioning

Answer 11

bf skinner

Question 12

a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior; specific consequences are associated with a voluntary behavior

Answer 12

operant conditioning

Question 13

difference of classical and operant conditioning

Answer 13

classical is involuntary response
operant is voluntary behavior

Question 14

who made the theory of behaviorism theory

Answer 14

John Watson

Question 15

the acquisition of new behavior based on environmental conditions; behavior can be CONTROLLED or MODIFIED based on antecedents and consequences of a behavior

Answer 15

behaviorism theory

Question 16

John Watsons meaning of behavior (5)

Answer 16

was obvious and practical
was muscle movement
results of a series of conditioned reflexes
all emotions and thought is a result of behavior
learned through conditioning

Question 17

what are the 3 aspects of behaviorism

Answer 17

anyone can be trained for a task
behavior is acquired by conditioning
behavior is observable and measurable

Question 18

who made the theory of contiguity theory

Answer 18

Edwin Ray Guthrie

Question 19

States that if a pattern of simulation and a response occur together in time and space, learning occur together in time and space, learning occurs by the formation of associations between them

Answer 19

contiguity theory

Question 20

states that a behavior (response) will be repeated if the same situation or stimulus will be experienced again

Answer 20

contiguity theory

Question 21

study of how our brains work in the process of perceiving, thinking, remembering, and learning

Answer 21

cognitive psychology

Question 22

focus of cognitive psychology

Answer 22

mental processes

Question 23

who made the insight theory

Answer 23

Wolfgang kohler

Question 24

refers to the sudden realization of the solution of any problem without repeated trials or continuous practices

Answer 24

insight theory

Question 25

2 characteristics of insight theory

Answer 25

Insight represents seeing CLEARLY into the essence of a situation It is NOT a step by step process but partially by unconscious process

Question 26

they figure it out along the way; they don’t need to repeat it again and again

Answer 26

unconscious process

Question 27

4 stages of insight learning

Answer 27

preparation incubation insight verification

Question 28

stage of insight learning; problem cannot be solved, data gathering

Answer 28

preparation

Question 29

stage of insight learning; problem is put on hold, problem work on unconsciously

Answer 29

incubation

Question 30

stage of insight learning; suddenly, there is a mental representation of a solution (eureka moment)

Answer 30

insight

Question 31

stage of insight learning; solution checked, try and do it again if see if it works and get the same results again

Answer 31

verification

Question 32

who made the field theory

Answer 32

kurt Lewin

Question 33

states that learning is a process of perceptual organization of one's life space involving sight

Answer 33

field theory

Question 34

examines patterns of interaction between the individual and the total field

Answer 34

field theory

Question 35

a person has to overcome the restraining force to reach that goal

Answer 35

field theory

Question 36

who made the discovery theory

Answer 36

Jerome bruner

Question 37

states that learners are encouraged to build on past experiences and knowledge

Answer 37

discovery theory

Question 38

in discovery theory, leaning makes use of (3) to search for new information to discover facts, correlations, and new truths.

Answer 38

intuition imagination creativity

Question 39

Make use of what they learn and experience before and make connections to make new learning

Answer 39

discovery theory

Question 40

principles of discovery learning model (5)

Answer 40

problem solving learner management integrating and connecting information analysis and interpretation failure and feedback

Question 41

principles of discovery learning model; instructors should guide and motivate learners to seek for solutions

Answer 41

problem solving

Question 42

principles of discovery learning model; instructors should allow participants to work either alone or with others, and learn at their pace

Answer 42

learner management

Question 43

principles of discovery learning model; instructors should teach learners how to combine prior knowledge with new and encourage them to connect to the real world

Answer 43

integrating and connecting

Question 44

principles of discovery learning model; discovering learning is process-oriented and not content-oriented

Answer 44

information analysis and interpretation

Question 45

principles of discovery learning model; learning doesn't only occur when we find the right answers, it asks occurs through failure. Try and try until you succeed

Answer 45

failure and feedback

Question 46

advantages of discovery learning model

Answer 46

encourages motivation, involvement, and creativity learner's pace is priority promotes autonomy and independence ensures higher levels of retention

Question 47

who made the schema theory

Answer 47

David rumelhart

Question 48

is an active strategy coding technique for facilitating the recall of knowledge

Answer 48

schema theory

Question 49

knowledge structures that are stored in memory

Answer 49

schema or schemata

Question 50

Prompts that you can associate with a certain concept (words association)

Answer 50

schemata theory

Question 51

states that people learn the best when they can link or assimilate new information with previous knowledge (reflection)

Answer 51

assimilation theory

Question 52

who made the assimilation theory

Answer 52

David Ausubel

Question 53

emphasizes thinking processes: thought, reasoning, and way of information is encountered, stored, and memory functioning

Answer 53

information- processing model of memory

Question 54

what are the external processes of information- processing model of memory

Answer 54

stage 1 - attention stage 4 - action

Question 55

what are stages of information- processing model of memory

Answer 55

stage 1 - attention stage 2 - processing stage 3 - memory storage stage 4 - action

Question 56

what are the internal processes of information- processing model of memory

Answer 56

stage 2 - processing stage 3 - memory storage

Question 57

who made the social learning theory

Answer 57

Albert Banudara

Question 58

states that people learn from one another via observation, imitation, and modeling

Answer 58

social learning theory

Question 59

acquisition of behavior by means of modeling

Answer 59

observational learning

Question 60

4 processes of social learning

Answer 60

attention retention motor reproduction reinforcement

Question 61

process of social learning; behavior or value desired has caught the interest of the learning

Answer 61

attention

Question 62

process of social learning; recalls/remembers the behavior or value to be learned

Answer 62

retention

Question 63

process of social learning; learners imitates or emulates newly learned behavior

Answer 63

motoric reproduction

Question 64

process of social learning; learner practices what he has learned

Answer 64

reinforcement

Question 65

phases of Observation of the role model

Answer 65

attentional phase retention phase reproduction phase motivational phase

Question 66

phase of observation of the role model; patient observes you, processes it

Answer 66

attentional phase

Question 67

phase of observation of the role model; tries to store it in his memory

Answer 67

retention phase

Question 68

phase of observation of the role model; patient tries to retrieve what he remembers and try to do it

Answer 68

reproduction phase

Question 69

phase of observation of the role model; influenced by reinforcement and punishment

Answer 69

motivational phase

Question 70

A mixture of behaviorism, cognitivism, and information processing model.

Answer 70

social learning theory

Question 71

theories include in the behaviorism team

Answer 71

classical conditioning connectionism theory operant conditioning behaviorism theory contiguity theory

Question 72

theories under cognitive team

Answer 72

insight theory field theory discovery theory schema theory assimilation