Assignment 14 (Equine)

Question 1

Medial and lateral glenohumeral ligaments are well developed, arise from the supraglenoid tubercle, and end on the greater tubercle. True or false?

Answer 1

True; They are poorly developed and end on the greater AND lesser tubercles.

Question 2

What type of joint is the elbow joint? What are its primary movements?

Answer 2

Hinge joint; flexion and extension

Question 3

What are the articular surfaces of the elbow joint?

Answer 3

trochlear surface of the humerus and the capitulum

trochlear notch of the ulna

radial head

Question 4

The bursa of UL m. communicates with the elbow joint in one third of horses. True or false?

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Describe the parts of the lateral and medial collateral ligaments of the elbow.

Answer 5

Lateral: Short, one part

Medial: long, cranial part AND short, caudal part

Question 6

What are the radioulnar articular surfaces?

Answer 6

two small facets, on the ulna and the caudal surface of the radius

Question 7

What is the radioulnar ligament?

Answer 7

Runs from shaft of the ulna to the caudal surface of the radius

Question 8

What type of joint is the carpal joint overall?

Answer 8

Hinge joint

Question 9

What joints of the carpal joint communicate?

Answer 9

Middle carpal and carpometacarpal joints communicate

Question 10

What is the intercarpal joint?

Answer 10

Formed between the individual carpal bones of each row, very limited range of motion

Question 11

What is another name for the antebrachiocarpal joint?

Answer 11

radiocarpal

Question 12

What forms the radiocarpal joint?

Answer 12

distal end of the radius and ulna PLUS the proximal carpal bones

Question 13

What are the primary movements of the radiocarpal joint?

Answer 13

flexion and extension

Question 14

What joints have the most and less movement in the carpal joint?

Answer 14

most- radiocarpal

less- carpometacarpal (plane joints do not allow much movement)

Question 15

What forms the middle carpal joint?

Answer 15

proximal and distal carpal rows

Question 16

What forms the carpometacarpal joint?

Answer 16

distal carpal bones and metacarpal bones

Question 17

The fibrous part of the joint capsule is common for all three joints of the carpus. True or false?

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Describe the fibrous parts of the joint capsule.

Answer 18

Dorsal part is the extensor retinaculum.

Palmar part is the palmar carpal ligament.

Continues distally as the distal check ligament.

Question 19

What sacs are formed by the synovial membrane?

Answer 19

Three sacs correspond to three joints.

Question 20

Which synovial sac of the carpal joint is voluminous?

Answer 20

radiocarpal sac

Question 21

Which synovial sac of the carpal joint communicates between the 3rd and 4th carpal bones?

Answer 21

middle carpal WITH the carpometacarpal

Question 22

Which synovial sac is tight and encloses the carpometacarpal joint?

Answer 22

Carpometacarpal sac

Question 23

Where does the superficial branch of the lateral collateral ligament of the elbow insert?

Answer 23

MC4

Question 24

Where does the deep branch of the lateral collateral ligament of the elbow insert?

Answer 24

proximal part- ulnar carpal bone

distal part- MC4

Question 25

Where does the superficial branch of the medial collateral ligament of the elbow insert?

Answer 25

MC2 and MC3

Question 26

Where does the deep branch of the medial collateral ligament of the elbow insert?

Answer 26

proximal part: intermediate carpal bone distal part: MC2

Question 27

What is the approach for injections in the carpus?

Answer 27

dorsal approach

Question 28

What position should the radiocarpal joint be in for injections?

Answer 28

Flexed carpus

Question 29

What position should the middle carpal joint be in for injections?

Answer 29

Flexed carpus

Question 30

What are the palpable points for a radiocarpal injection?

Answer 30

distal edge of the radius and the proximal edge of the radial carpal bone

Question 31

Where is the needle inserted for a radiocarpal injection?

Answer 31

Between palpable landmarks medial to the medial edge of the palpable tendon of ECR

Question 32

What are the palpable landmarks for injecting the middle carpal joint?

Answer 32

distal edge of the radial carpal bone and the proximal edge of the 3rd carpal bone

Question 33

Where is the needle inserted for a middle carpal joint injection?

Answer 33

medial to the palpable tendon of the ECR

Question 34

What is the proper name for the fetlock joint?

Answer 34

metacarpophalangeal joint

Question 35

What kind of joint is the fetlock joint?

Answer 35

composite joint, acts as a hinge joint

Question 36

What are the primary actions of the fetlock joint?

Answer 36

flexion, extension

Question 37

What are the parts of the joint capsule of the fetlock joint?

Answer 37

dorsal pouch: between cannon and digital extensor tendons palmar pouch: between cannon and suspensory ligament

Question 38

What bursa is associated with the fetlock joint?

Answer 38

Bursa between the joint capsule and the digital extensor tendons (CDE, LDE)

Question 39

What injection approach is used for the fetlock joint?

Answer 39

Palmar approach

Question 40

How many parts do the lateral and medial collateral ligaments of the elbow have?

Answer 40

lateral- one part medial- long cranial and short caudal

Question 41

What is the injection sire for the elbow joint?

Answer 41

caudal approach

Question 42

What are the branches of the lateral and medial collateral ligaments of the carpal joint?

Answer 42

lateral collateral: superficial and deep branches. Deep branch has proximal and distal parts. The medial collateral has the same branching.

Question 43

What are the components of the metacarpophalangeal joint?

Answer 43

dorsal or distal pouch both have proximal and distal extentsion

Question 44

What are the ligaments of the fetlock?

Answer 44

medial and lateral collateral ligaments sesamoidean ligaments of the proximal sesamoid bones

Question 45

What are the proximal ligaments of the proximal sesamoid bones?

Answer 45

suspensory ligament metacarpo-intersesamoidean ligament

Question 46

What are the middle ligaments of the proximal sesamoid bones?

Answer 46

collateral sesmoidean ligaments intersesamoidean ligament (or palmar ligament)

Question 47

What are the distal ligaments of the proximal sesamoid bones?

Answer 47

superficial: straight and oblique sesamoidean ligaments deep: cruciate and short sesamoidean ligaments

Question 48

What is the injection site for the fetlock joint?

Answer 48

palmar approach

Question 49

What are the ligaments of the pastern joint?

Answer 49

medial and lateral collateral axial palmar abaxial palmar

Question 50

What approach is used for pastern joint injections?

Answer 50

palmar approach

Question 51

What is the proper name for the pastern joint?

Answer 51

proximal interphalangeal joint

Question 52

Describe the joint capsule components of the coffin joint.

Answer 52

Dorsal and distal pouches with proximal and distal extensions.

Question 53

What joint is the navicular bursa located?

Answer 53

coffin

Question 54

What is the proper name for the coffin joint?

Answer 54

distal interphalangeal joint

Question 55

What are the ligaments of the coffin joint?

Answer 55

medial and lateral collateral ligaments ligaments of the distal sesamoid bones

Question 56

What are the ligaments of the distal sesamoid bones?

Answer 56

Collateral sesamoidean ligaments (medial and lateral) impar distal sesamoidean ligament T-ligament

Question 57

What is the approach used for coffin joint injection?

Answer 57

Lateral approach

Question 58

What joint does not have collateral ligaments?

Answer 58

shoulder

Question 59

What structures are palpable landmarks for the shoulder joint injection?

Answer 59

greater and lesser tubercles

Question 60

Which collateral ligament of the elbow joint has two parts?

Answer 60

medial collateral

Question 61

If the the needle is inserted into the olecranon fossa in a distomedial direction approximately 45 degrees from the vertical, you will reach the _______ joint.

Answer 61

elbow joint

Question 62

Where is the location of the navicular bursa?

Answer 62

coffin joint

Question 63

Which three synovial structures are separated by the T-ligament?

Answer 63

tendon sheath of DDF navicular bursa distal interphalangeal (coffin)joint capsule

Question 64

The dorsal pouch of the fetlock joint is located between the cannon bone and the _______.

Answer 64

digital extensor tendons