Assignment 16 (Equine) Flashcards
What forces are acting at the level of the laminae?
gravity / body weight and tension of DDF
What is laminitis?
Laminitis affects the laminae, weakening them and allowing separation of the distal phalanx from the hood wall.
What are the three subtypes / causes of laminitis?
sepsis or endotoxemia
endocrinopathic laminitis
supporting limb laminitis (Barbaro)
What nerves supply most of the deep structures from the carpus distally?
Median and Ulnar nerves via palmar nerves and branches
What nerves continue as the digital nerves?
medial and lateral palmar nerves
What are the branches of the lateral palmar nerve?
medial and lateral palmar nerves
When do palmar nerves become digital nerves?
When they reach the abaxial surface of the proximal sesamoids.
What nerve innervates the carpal joint and suspensory ligament?
deep branch of lateral palmar n.
Proceed from proximal to distal to localize a lesion with diagnostic nerve blocks. True or false?
False; distal to proximal.
What should be considered if an animal remains lame after a nerve block?
Poor procedure
Diffusion of anesthetic
Variant innervation
Lameness is mechanical rather than due to pain
Painful area has not been blocked, pain is more proximal
What can you diagnose with diagnostic nerve blocks?
pain
What are the nerve blocks used in the distal limb?
Palmar digital
Basisesamoidean / abaxial sesamoidean
Low palmar (distal metacarpal)
proximal metacarpal (high palmar)
suspensory
What is meant by a “4 point block”? Which blocks are 4 point blocks?
To anesthetize 2 different nerves on each side at that level
Metacarpal Palmar Blocks
What are the branches of the ulnar nerves?
palmar branch and dorsal branch
What nerves travel through the carpal canal together?
lateral palmar nerve (branch of median n) and palmar branch of the ulnar n.
