Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clin Med- P > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

how does a pulmonary insult impact a child with asthma?

A

it makes asthma significantly worse (exacerbation occurs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

is wheezing always present in an asthmatic pt?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If a patient responds to these two types of drugs, they probably have asthma

A

oral steroids and bronchodilators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what two things is asthma often associated with?

A

allergies and family history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a good way to help improve someone’s asthma if they have allergies?

A

remove the allergy triggers as much as possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

according to Hadley, below what % O2 sat (for asthma) is when we would start worrying about hospital admittance

A

92%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Coughing at what time of day is indicative of asthma

A

at night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

for a patient with persistent asthma, what type of med will they always be on?

A

ICS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what time in life does asthma develop?

A

it always develops in childhood, unless some occupational cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what % of children with asthma have allergies?

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

about how many American children and adults have asthma?

A
  1. 2 million kids

18. 4 million adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what age of people are most likely to have more ED visits and end up admitted because of asthma?

A

0-4 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

death by asthma increases with _______

A

age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

does severity of asthma predict death?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

with more adherent use of _______ medications, asthmatic patient’s risk of death goes down

A

ICS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the definition of asthma?

A

a CHRONIC lung disease characterized by REVERSIBLE BRONCHOCONSTRICTION and INFLAMMATION of the airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what happens to the airway lumen after an allergen challenge?

A

lumen rapidly narrows (bronchoconstriction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are signs and symptoms of asthma?

A

cough(esp nighttime), wheeze (sometimes), SOB, chest tightness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what three things do you use to diagnose asthma? What two things do you not use?

A

History, PE, and spirometry ( 4 yrs and older)

-don’t use: PFM (good for monitoring not diagnosing) or CXR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are 4 goals for asthma care by EPR-3?

A

1) . look for triggers
2) . written action plan
3) . planned care
4) . educate the patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are 4 things you might see on an asthmatic patient’s PE?

A

1) . respiratory distress (maybe)
2) . wheezing (maybe)
3) . prolonged expiratory phase
4) . maybe allergies

22
Q

compare mild versus worse wheezing on a PE

A

mild- will see a late expiratory phase

worse- earlier wheeze on expiration than mild and maybe hear one during the inspiratory phase

23
Q

hearing a wheeze upon inspiration is a sign of what?

A

obstruction

24
Q

what is the best test done for asthma?

A

spirometry

25
Q

adults (greater than 12 yrs old) with intermittent asthma have how many symptoms, nighttime awakenings, SABA uses, & inference with normal activity? describe lung function

A 
symptoms- less than 2 days/week
nighttime- less than 2 per month
SABA use- less than 2 days per week
no interference with normal activity
lung function- normal FEV1, normal FEV1/FVC ratio
26
Q

persistent asthma is divided into what three classifications?

A

mild, moderate, and severe

27
Q

mild adults asthmatics have how many symptoms, nighttime awakenings, SABA uses, & inference with normal activity? describe lung function

A

symptoms- greater than 2 days per week but not daily
nighttime- 3-4/month
SABA use- more than 2 days/week but not daily (not more than once a day)
minor limitation with daily activity
lung function: FEV1 < 80%, FEV1/FVC normal

28
Q

moderate adults asthmatics have how many symptoms, nighttime awakenings, SABA uses, & inference with normal activity? describe lung function

A 
symptoms- daily
nighttime- >1x/week but not nightly
SABA use- daily
some limitation with daily activity
lung function: FEV1 >60% and < 80%, FEV1/FVC reduced 5%
29
Q

severe adults asthmatics have how many symptoms, nighttime awakenings, SABA uses, & inference with normal activity? describe lung function

A 
symptoms- throughout the day
nighttime- often 7x per week
SABA use- several times per day
extremely limited with daily activity
lung function: FEV1 <60%, FEV1/FVC reduced >5%
30
Q

what is the difference between intermittent and persistent asthma?

A

intermittent asthma has been going on for less than a year, whereas persistent is greater than 2 years

31
Q

what is the baseline tx for intermittent asthma?

A

SABA (2 puffs every 4-6 hrs PRN, based on symptoms)

32
Q

what is highly important in inhaler use?

A

technique of use

33
Q

SABA inhaler is also known as ____________

A

a rescue inhaler

34
Q

what is the cheapest SABA and less side effects

A

levalbuterol (left sided isomer)

35
Q

what else besides SABAs can be used for a rescue asthma situation?

A

ICS or oral steroids

36
Q

what is the drug of choice for treating persistent asthma?

A

ICS- most potent and consistently effective

37
Q

what are 5 benefits of ICS?

A

reduce symptom severity, improve asthma control, improve lung function, reduce airway hyperresponsiveness, prevent exacerbations

38
Q

what statistic is reduced the more patients refill their low dose ICS canisters per year?

A

death in these patients decrease with more low dose ICS use

39
Q

what type of long term asthma med must be used in combo with ICS?

A

LABAs

40
Q

what is the purpose of using ICS/LABA drugs together?

A

to help maintenance of long term asthma (twice daily) but NOT indicated for relief of acute bronchospasm

41
Q

what type of asthma drugs are given to poorly controlled patients & are a way to avoid chronic oral steroids?

A

biologics (umab’s)- also considered “last ditch” med for allergic pathway

42
Q

when a patient is using a nebulizer every day, what is that a sign of?

A

poorly controlled asthma because they need a higher dose to overcome symptoms rather than a better lower dose regimen

43
Q

explain tx of asthma for step 2-6 (persistent asthma)

A

2: low dose ICS
3: low dose ICS + LABA or medium dose ICS
4: medium dose ICS + LABA
5: High dose ICS + LABA + consider umab for allergy pt
6: high dose ICS + LABA + OCS + consider umab for allergy pt

44
Q

what is important to remember in the tx of asthma?

A

you want to keep assessing control and step up or down treatments as needed

45
Q

when is the only case to use LABA’s alone?

A

pretreating for long distance exercise

46
Q

when is it ok to use SABAs more than 2x/week

A

when pretreating for exercise

47
Q

what are 4 important steps in tx asthma exacerbations in urgent care/ED?

A

1) . O2 & pulse ox
2) . SABA w ipratropium by nebulizer
3) . systemic steroids 4-5 days (oral or IV)
4) . upon discharge- follow up with provider and oral steroids for 5-10 days

48
Q

what is hadleys rule of thumb about asthmatic children who come to the drs?

A

if they are sick enough to come in, they should probably have steroids

49
Q

when patients with moderate persistent asthma evaluate their control, what % predict it is well controlled?

A

61% (not true- pts bad at eval)

50
Q

when patients with severe persistent asthma evaluate their control, what % predict it is well controlled?

A

32% (not true- pts bad at eval)

51
Q

what is the rule of twos mean?

A 
it signifies poorly controlled asthma
daytime symptoms- >2 days/week
nighttime symptoms- >2 days/month
Rescue SABA canister- >2/year
Rescue SABA use- >2x/week
52
Q

what are the three zones of the asthma action plan?

A

based on peak flow meter values
Green: >80%
Yellow: 50-80%
Red: <50%

Clin Med- P (124 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions