ASU Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth

Question 1

THE COURSE OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
This period takes place in the first two weeks after conception.

Answer 1

Germinal Period

Question 2

THE COURSE OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
Inner layer of cells that develops into the embryo.

Answer 2

Blastocyst

Question 3

THE COURSE OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
Outer layer of cells that provides nutrition to and support for the embryo.

Answer 3

Trophoblast

Question 4

THE COURSE OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
This period occurs two to eight weeks after conception.

Answer 4

Embryonic Period

Question 5

THE COURSE OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
3 layers of cells forming the embryo.

Answer 5

• Endoderm
• Mesoderm
• Ectoderm

Question 6

THE COURSE OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
Organs appear within this prenatal period.

Answer 6

Embryonic Period

Question 7

THE COURSE OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
Contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats.

Answer 7

Amnion

Question 8

THE COURSE OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
Contains two arteries and a vein — connects the baby to the placenta.

Answer 8

Umbilical Cord

Question 9

THE COURSE OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
Disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and offspring intertwine but do not join.

Answer 9

Placenta

Question 10

THE COURSE OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
Process of organ formation that takes place during the first two months of prenatal development.

Answer 10

Organogenesis

Question 11

THE COURSE OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
This period occurs between two months after conception and birth.

Answer 11

Fetal Period

Question 12

TRIMESTERS OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
FIRST TRIMESTER:
- Amniotic sac envelops preliminary tissues of entire body.
- Organism is now called “zygote”

Answer 12

Conception to 4 Weeks

Question 13

TRIMESTERS OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
FIRST TRIMESTER:
- Fetal heatbeat detectable with ultrasound
- Now called an “embryo”

Answer 13

8 Weeks

Question 14

TRIMESTERS OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
FIRST TRIMESTER:
- Sex distinguishable
- Now called a “fetus”
- Can urinate

Answer 14

12 Weeks

Question 15

TRIMESTERS OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
SECOND TRIMESTER:
- Lanugo (downy hair) covers the bdy
- Able to roll over in amniotic fluid
- Strong heartbeat

Answer 15

16 Weeks

Question 16

TRIMESTERS OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
SECOND TRIMESTER:
- Can suck their thumb
- Hiccups
- Heartbeat audible with stethoscope

Answer 16

20 Weeks

Question 17

TRIMESTERS OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
SECOND TRIMESTER:
- Eyes are open
- Skin is wrinkled; covered by protective coating (Vernix Caseosa)
- Waste matter collected in bowel

Answer 17

24 Weeks

Question 18

TRIMESTERS OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
THIRD TRIMESTER:
- Very active
- Adding body fat
- Rudimentary breathing movements present

Answer 18

28 Weeks

Question 19

TRIMESTERS OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
THIRD TRIMESTER:
- Has periods of sleep and wakefulness
- May assume the birth position
- Bones of head are soft and flexible

Answer 19

32 Weeks

Question 20

TRIMESTERS OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
THIRD TRIMESTER:
- Skin less wrinkled; Vernix Caseosa is thick
- Less active
- Gaining immunities from parent

Answer 20

36 to 38 Weeks

Question 21

THE COURSE OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
Nerve cells which handle information processing at the cellular level in the brain.

Answer 21

Neurons

Question 22

THE COURSE OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
Failure of the neural tube to close may cause _______ and ______.

Answer 22

Anencephaly and Spina Bifida

Question 23

THE COURSE OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
Generation of new neurons.

Answer 23

Neurogenesis

Question 24

THE COURSE OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:
Cells moving outward from their point of origin to their appropriate locations.

Answer 24

Neuronal Migration

Question 25

**THE COURSE OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:** Enumerate the 4 important Phases of the Brain’s Development.

Answer 25

- Neural Tube - Neurogenesis - Neuronal Migration - Neural Connectivity

Question 26

**TERATOLOGY AND HAZARDS TO PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:** An agent that causes a birth defect.

Answer 26

Teratogen

Question 27

**TERATOLOGY AND HAZARDS TO PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:** Field of study that investigates the causes of birth defects.

Answer 27

Teratology

Question 28

**TERATOLOGY AND HAZARDS TO PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:** Which prenatal period of development has the greatest sensitivity to teratogens?

Answer 28

Embryonic Period

Question 29

**TERATOLOGY AND HAZARDS TO PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:** The 4 types of prescription drugs that can function as Teratogens include…?

Answer 29

- Antibiotics - Antidepressants - Hormones - Accutane

Question 30

**TERATOLOGY AND HAZARDS TO PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:** The 2 types of Antibiotics and 2 types of Hormones that can function as Teratogens are…?

Answer 30

**ANTIBIOTICS:** - Streptomycin - Tetracycline **HORMONES:** - Progestin - Synthetic Estrogen

Question 31

**TERATOLOGY AND HAZARDS TO PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:** The 2 types of nonprescription drugs that can be harmful to Prenatal Development include…?

Answer 31

- Diet Pills - Aspirin (in high doses)

Question 32

**TERATOLOGY AND HAZARDS TO PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:** These Teratogens act on the nervous sytem to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods.

Answer 32

Psychoactive Drugs

Question 33

**TERATOLOGY AND HAZARDS TO PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:** The 3 Types of Psychoactive Drugs include…?

Answer 33

- Caffeine - Alcohol - Hard Drugs (Cocaine, Marijuana, Heroin etc)

Question 34

**TERATOLOGY AND HAZARDS TO PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:** **TRUE or FALSE:** Incompatibility between the mother’s and father’s blood types **poses as a risk** to Prenatal Development.

Answer 34

**TRUE**

Question 35

**TERATOLOGY AND HAZARDS TO PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT:** What 4 types of Maternal Diseases can act as Hazards to Prenatal Development?

Answer 35

- Rubella - Syphilis - Genital Herpes - AIDS

Question 36

**PRENATAL CARE:** **Relationship-centered** program which provides complete Prenatal Care in a group setting.

Answer 36

Centering Pregnancy

Question 37

**PRENATAL CARE:** Home visits by trained nurses beginning in the second or third trimester of Prenatal Development.

Answer 37

Nurse Family Partnership

Question 38

**BIRTH PROCESS:** The **longest** stage of birth wherein uterine contractions are **15 to 20** minutes apart, and last up to a minute.

Answer 38

1st Stage

Question 39

**BIRTH PROCESS:** A stage of birth wherein the baby’s head starts to move through the cervix and the birth canal, ending only when the baby completely emerges from its parent’s body.

Answer 39

2nd Stage

Question 40

**BIRTH PROCESS:** A stage of birth where **Afterbirth** occurs, wherein the placenta, umbilical cord, and other membranes are detached and expelled.

Answer 40

3rd Stage

Question 41

**BIRTH PROCESS:** A caregiver who provides continous physical, emotional, and educational support for the mother before, during, and after childbirth.

Answer 41

Doula

Question 42

**BIRTH PROCESS:** Method of childbirth wherein Analgesia, Anesthesia and Oxytocin are administered to the parent.

Answer 42

Medication

Question 43

**BIRTH PROCESS:** Method of childbirth wherein it reduces the parent’s pain by decreasing their fear through childbirth education, and relaxation techniques during the delivery.

Answer 43

Natural Childbirth

Question 44

**BIRTH PROCESS:** Method of childbirth wherein special breathing techniques are taught to control pushing in the final stages of labor. The parent is provided a detailed anatomy and physiology course prior.

Answer 44

Prepared Childbirth

Question 45

**BIRTH PROCESS:** Method of childbirth also known as the **Lamaze Method**.

Answer 45

Prepared Childbirth

Question 46

**BIRTH PROCESS:** Method of childbirth wherein a surgical procedure is administered - in which the baby is removed from the parent’s uterus through an incision in their abdomen.

Answer 46

Cesarean Delivery

Question 47

**BIRTH PROCESS:** A baby’s position in the uterus that causes the buttocks to be the first part to emerge from the vagina is called…?

Answer 47

Breech Position

Question 48

**ASSESSING THE NEWBORN:** Used in the first month of life to assess the newborn’s neurological development, reflexes and reactions to people and objects.

Answer 48

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (**NBAS**)

Question 49

**ASSESSING THE NEWBORN:** Assessment of the newborn’s behavior, neurological and stress responses, and regulatory capacities.

Answer 49

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Neurobehavioral Scale (**NNNS**)

Question 50

**ASSESSING THE NEWBORN:** **NBAS** stands for…?

Answer 50

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale

Question 51

**ASSESSING THE NEWBORN:** **NNNS** stands for…?

Answer 51

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Neurobehavioral Scale

Question 52

**PRETERM AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS:** Low birth weight infants weigh less than _ _/_ pounds at birth.

Answer 52

5 1/2 pounds

Question 53

**PRETERM AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS:** The classification given to infants born **before** the completion of 37 weeks of gestation.

Answer 53

Preterm Infants

Question 54

**PRETERM AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS:** The classification given to infants whose birth weights are below normal when the length of the pregnancy is considered.

Answer 54

Small for Date Infants

Question 55

**PRETERM AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS:** This type of care nurturing low birth weight and preterm infants involves **skin-to-skin contact**.

Answer 55

Kangaroo Care

Question 56

**POSTPARTUM PERIOD:** This involves a major depressive episode that typically occurs four weeks after delivery.

Answer 56

Postpartum Depression

Question 57

A period after childbirth that lasts until the parent’s body has completed its adjustment and has returned to a nearly prepregnant state.

Answer 57

Postpartum Period

Question 58

**EMOTIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENTS:** A depression that occurs after childbirth, associated with strong feelings of sadness, anxiety, or despair.

Answer 58

Postpartum Depression

Question 59

**EMOTIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENTS:** The 3 possible treatments for **Postpartum Depression** include..?

Answer 59

- Antidepressants - Psychotherapy - Regular Exercise

Question 60

This condition has symptoms that appear 2 to 3 days after delivery, but **usually subside within 1 to 2 weeks**.

Answer 60

Postpartum Blues

Question 61

This condition has symptoms that linger for **weeks or months** and interfere with daily functioning.

Answer 61

Postpartum Depression

Question 62

**BONDING:** An arrangement wherein baby remains in its parent’s room most of the time during its hospital stay.

Answer 62

Rooming-in Arrangement

Question 63

**BONDING:** An arrangement wherein baby remains in its parent’s room most of the time during its hospital stay.

Answer 63

Rooming-in Arrangement