Infant Development and Developmental Monitoring and Screening

Question 1

What are the 3 Stages of Moral Development according to Kohlberg?

Answer 1

• Pre Conventional
• Post Conventional
• Conventional

Question 2

This observes how your child grows and changes overtime - and whether the child meets the typical developmental milestones in playing, learning, speaking, behaving and moving.

Answer 2

Developmental Monitoring

Question 3

This, in turn, takes a closer look at how the child is developing via a brief test or a questionnaire.

Answer 3

Developmental Screening

Question 4

SCREENING OR MONITORING?:
More formal, and normally done less often.

Answer 4

Developmental Screening

Question 5

TRUE or FALSE: Children shouldn’t be screened even if you or your doctor have a concern.

Answer 5

FALSE, they should.

Question 6

TRUE or FALSE: Developmental Screening is a regular part of some of the well-child visits for all children, even if there is not a known concern.

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

What are the 3 Newborn Screening Tests?

Answer 7

• Apgar Score
• Hearing Test
• Heel Prick Test

Question 8

NEWBORN SCREENING TEST CONDITIONS:
A rare condition that affects about 1 in 10,000 babies. One afflicted with this cannot properly use phenylalanine - thus accumulating in the blood and causing brain damage.

Answer 8

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 9

NEWBORN SCREENING TEST CONDITIONS:
What does PKU stand for?

Answer 9

Phenylketonuria

Question 10

NEWBORN SCREENING TEST CONDITIONS:
An early treatment for this condition with a special diet can prevent the onset of severe learning disabilities and allow the child to lead a normal life.

Answer 10

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 11

NEWBORN SCREENING TEST CONDITIONS:
Affects 1 in 3,500 babies. Caused by the *thyroid gland** not developing properly.

Answer 11

Congenital Hypothyroidism (CHT)

Question 12

NEWBORN SCREENING TEST CONDITIONS:
What does CHT stand for?

Answer 12

Congenital Hypothyroidism

Question 13

NEWBORN SCREENING TEST CONDITIONS:
How do you treat CHT such that it’ll lead to a normal mental and physical development?

Answer 13

Early treatment with daily thyroid hormone.

Question 14

NEWBORN SCREENING TEST CONDITIONS:
Affects 1 in every 2,500 babies. Mucus produced in the intestines and lungs is thicker than normal, resulting in an infestation in the lungs.

Answer 14

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Question 15

NEWBORN SCREENING TEST CONDITIONS:
In the intestines, this condition may lead to difficulties digesting food properly.

Answer 15

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Question 16

NEWBORN SCREENING TEST CONDITIONS:
TRUE or FALSE: Newborn Screening Tests detect abut 95% of babies with Cystic Fibrosis.

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

NEWBORN SCREENING TEST CONDITIONS:
TRUE or FALSE: Few babies are detected to be healthy carriers of Cystic Fibrosis.

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

NEWBORN SCREENING TEST CONDITIONS:
Babies with a positive test result for CF require a sweat test at __ weeks of age to determine if they have CF or if they’re just a healthy carrier.

Answer 18

6 Weeks of Age

Question 19

NEWBORN SCREENING TEST CONDITIONS:
TRUE or FALSE: Healthy carriers of CF are only affected with a few symptoms throughout their entire lives.

Answer 19

FALSE, Healthy carriers are not affected by CF. Their body functions normally.

Question 20

NEWBORN SCREENING TEST CONDITIONS:
Extremely rare condition affecting only 1 in 40,000 babies. Caused by the accumulation of **galactose* in the blood.

Answer 20

Galactosaemia

Question 21

NEWBORN SCREENING TEST CONDITIONS:
A type of sugar found in milk.

Answer 21

Galactose

Question 22

NEWBORN SCREENING TEST CONDITIONS:
To prevent serious illness, treatment of Galactosaemia requires…?

Answer 22

Special Galactose-free Milk

Question 23

NEWBORN SCREENING TEST CONDITIONS:
TRUE or FALSE: Without treating Galactosaemia, a baby may become very sick and die.

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

NEWBORN SCREENING TEST CONDITIONS:
Blood tested in a heel prick test can be used to identify a range of very rare metabolic disorders such as…?

[Enumerate 3]

Answer 24

• Amino Acid Defects
• Organic Acid Defects
• Fatty Acid Oxidation Defects

Question 25

**NEWBORN SCREENING TEST CONDITIONS:** What type of newborn screening test can be used to identify very rare metabolic disorders?

Answer 25

Heel Prick Test

Question 26

**NEWBORN SCREENING TEST CONDITIONS:** Collectively, other rare metabolic disorders occur in 1 of every _,___ babies, and as such, are rare. These can be treatable with specialized care and diets.

Answer 26

1 of every 4,000 babies

Question 27

A type of newborn screening test given to newborns soon *after birth*. It measures heart rate, muscle tone and more to determine whether extra or emergency medical care is needed.

Answer 27

Apgar Score

Question 28

**APGAR SCORE:** Babies get the test **twice**. Enumerate when.

Answer 28

- **1 Minute** after birth - **5 Minutes** after they’re born

Question 29

**APGAR SCORE:** Exactly which 5 factors does the Apgar Score measure to check a baby’s health?

Answer 29

- **A**ppearance (Skin Color) - **P**ulse (Heart Rate) - **G**rimace Response (Reflexes) - **A**ctivity (Muscle Tone) - **R**espiration (Breathing Rate and Effort)

Question 30

**APGAR SCORE:** Each factor under the Apgar Score is scored on a scale. of (A)__ to (B)__, (B) being the best score.

Answer 30

0 to 2, with **2** being the **best score**

Question 31

**APGAR SCORE:** What is the total Apgar Score for babies in **Fair Conditions**?

Answer 31

5-7

Question 32

**APGAR SCORE:** What is the total Apgar Score for babies in **Excellent Conditions**?

Answer 32

8-10

Question 33

**APGAR SCORE:** 10 is the highest score possible, but only few babies get it. Which of the five factors usually affects the attainment of a perfect 10 - and for what reason?

Answer 33

**A**ppearance, most babies’ feet and hands remain blue until warmed up.

Question 34

**APGAR SCORE:** What is the heart rate of a healthy baby?

Answer 34

100 Beats per Minute

Question 35

The regular screening times for children are at __, __, and __ months of age.

Answer 35

9, 18 and 30 months of age

Question 36

The screening time for Autism Spectrum Disorder (**ASD**) is at __ and __ months of age.

Answer 36

18 and 24 months of age

Question 37

This occurs when a child lags behind one of their peers in one or more areas of emotional, mental, or physical growth.

Answer 37

Developmental Delay

Question 38

**DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS:** When a significant delay occurs in two or more of the many possible areas of development, it’s called _____ _____ _____, referring to infants and presschoolers up to age 5 who show delays lasting at least 6 months.

Answer 38

Global Developmental Delay

Question 39

**DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS:** **TRUE or FALSE**: Developmental **Delays** usually last for life.

Answer 39

**FALSE**, it’s Developmental **Disabilities** that do.

Question 40

**DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS:** Children with **GDD** are considered to have significantly lower intellectual functioning than their peers. What does **GDD** stand for?

Answer 40

Global Developmental Delay

Question 41

**DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS:** To be diagnosed with **GDD** a child must be significantly limited in at least two developmental domains. Enumerate the 5 developmental domains.

Answer 41

- Gross Motor - Vision - Fine Motor - Communication - Social Skills

Question 42

**DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS:** **GDD** is normally attributed to genetic abnormalities, incuding development of the ___ and _____ ___.

Answer 42

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 43

**DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS:** Enumerate the 6 Prenatal or Perinatal Causes of **GDD**.

Answer 43

- Exposure to Teratogens - Prematurity - Congenital Infections - Congenital Hypothyroidism (**CHT**) - Birth Trauma - Intracranial Hemorrhage

Question 44

**DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS:** Enumerate the 2 Postnatal Causes of **GDD**.

Answer 44

- Infection (Meningitis, Encephalitis) - Cranial Trauma

Question 45

**DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS:** Enumerate the 3 Environmental Causes of **GDD**.

Answer 45

- Poor Nutrition - Family Stress - Child Abuse or Neglect

Question 46

**DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS:** **TRUE or FALSE**: **GDD** can be **cured**.

Answer 46

**FALSE**, it cannot.

Question 47

**DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS:** _____ and ____ are the most common type of developmental delays.

Answer 47

Language and Speech

Question 48

Refers to verbal expression, including the way words are formed.

Answer 48

Speech

Question 49

Broader system of expressing and receiving information, such as being able to understand gestures.

Answer 49

Language

Question 50

**SIGNS OF SPEECH/LANGUAGE DELAY:** Contact a doctor at __ to __ months if your child: Does not babble Does not respond to loud noises Does not try to imitate sounds.

Answer 50

3 to 4 months

Question 51

**SIGNS OF SPEECH/LANGUAGE DELAY:** Contact the doctor at __ months if your child: Does not respond to sounds.

Answer 51

7 months

Question 52

**SIGNS OF SPEECH/LANGUAGE DELAY:** Contact the doctor by __ year if your child doees not: Use single words Understand words like “bye-bye” or “no”.

Answer 52

1 year

Question 53

**SIGNS OF SPEECH/LANGUAGE DELAY:** Contact the doctor by __ years if your child: Cannot speak at least 15 words Does not use two-word phrases without repetition Does not use speech to communicate more than immediate needs.

Answer 53

2 years

Question 54

**VISION DELAYS:** What are the 2 forms of **refractive errors** common in children that can be possible causes of vision delays?

Answer 54

- Nearsightedness - Farsightedness

Question 55

**VISION DELAYS:** Poor vision in one eye that may also appear to turn outward.

Answer 55

Amblyopia (Lazy Eye)

Question 56

**VISION DELAYS:** A rare clouding of the eye’s lens.

Answer 56

Infantile Cataracts

Question 57

**VISION DELAYS:** Eye disease that sometimes affects premature infants.

Answer 57

Retinopathy of Prematurity

Question 58

**VISION DELAYS:** Also called cross eyes —- eyes that turn in, out, up or down.

Answer 58

Strabismus