ASU Chapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Question 1

A feeling, or affect, that occurs when a person is in a state of or interaction that is important to them.

Answer 1

Emotion

Question 2

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT:
This form of emotions is present in humans and other animals, emerging early in life.

Answer 2

Primary Emotions

Question 3

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT:
This form of emotions requires self-awareness, especially consciousness and a sense of “me”.

Answer 3

Self-conscious Emotions

Question 4

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT:
A form of crying with a rhythmic pattern, usually consisting of briefer silences, shorter inspiratory whistles higher pitched than the main cry, and brief rests before the next cry.

Answer 4

Basic Cry

Question 5

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT:
A form of crying with more excess air forced through the vocal cords.

Answer 5

Anger Cry

Question 6

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT:
A form of crying wherein its sudden, long and initially loud - followed by breath holding.

Answer 6

Pain Cry

Question 7

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT:
A type of smile that does not occur in response to external stimuli.

Answer 7

Reflexive Smile

Question 8

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT:
A type of smile that is in response to an external stimulus.

Answer 8

Social Smile

Question 9

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT:
A form of anxiety involving a fear and wariness of strangers, appearing during the second half of the first year of life.

Answer 9

Stranger Anxiety

Question 10

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT:
Distressed crying when the caregiver leaves.

Answer 10

Separation Protest

Question 11

Individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristic ways of responding.

Answer 11

Temperament

Question 12

TEMPERAMENT:
CHESS AND THOMAS: These children are generally in a positive mood, quickly establishing regular routines during infancy and adapting easily to new experiences.

Answer 12

Easy Child

Question 13

TEMPERAMENT:
CHESS AND THOMAS: These children react negatively and cry frequently, engaging in irregular daily routines and are often slow to accept change.

Answer 13

Difficult Child

Question 14

TEMPERAMENT:
CHESS AND THOMAS: These children have a low-activity level and are somewhat negative, displaying a low intensity of mood.

Answer 14

Slow-to-Warm-Up Child

Question 15

TEMPERAMENT:
A shy, subdued and timid child is attributed to _____’s Behavioral Inhibition.

Answer 15

Kagan’s Behavioral Inhibition

Question 16

TEMPERAMENT:
- Extraversion/surgency
- Negative Affectivity
- Effortful Control

— are all a part of ______ and ______’ classification.

Answer 16

Rothbart and Bates’ Classification

Question 17

EMOTIONAL AND PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT:
A view that states that temperament is a biologically based but evolving aspect of behavior.

Answer 17

Contemporary View

Question 18

EMOTIONAL AND PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT:
Wherein it’s a match between a child’s temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with.

Answer 18

Goodness of Fit

Question 19

PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT:
According to Erikson, the first year is characterized by _____ vs _____.

Answer 19

Trust vs Mistrust

Question 20

SOCIAL ORIENTATION/UNDERSTANDING:
Reading emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation.

Answer 20

Social Referencing

Question 21

A close emotional bond between two people.

Answer 21

Attachment

Question 22

ATTACHMENT AND ITS DEVELOPMENT:
According to ____, infants become attached to the person that provides oral satisfaction.

Answer 22

Freud

Question 23

ATTACHMENT AND ITS DEVELOPMENT:
According to ____, infants prefer contact comfort over food.

Answer 23

Harlow

Question 24

ATTACHMENT AND ITS DEVELOPMENT:
According to _____, an infant’s trust arises from physical comfort and sensitive care.

Answer 24

Erikson

Question 25

**ATTACHMENT AND ITS DEVELOPMENT:** **BOWLBY’S 4 PHASES OF ATTACHMENT:** This phase occurs from **birth** to **2 months**, wherein infants direct their attachment to human figures.

Answer 25

Phase 1

Question 26

**ATTACHMENT AND ITS DEVELOPMENT:** **BOWLBY’S 4 PHASES OF ATTACHMENT:** This phase occurs from **2 to 7** months, wherein attachment becomes focused on the **primary caregiver**.

Answer 26

Phase 2

Question 27

**ATTACHMENT AND ITS DEVELOPMENT:** **BOWLBY’S 4 PHASES OF ATTACHMENT:** This phase occurs from **7 to 27** months, wherein **specific attachments develop**. Increased locomotion allows babies to actively seek contact with regular caregivers.

Answer 27

Phase 3

Question 28

**ATTACHMENT AND ITS DEVELOPMENT:** **BOWLBY’S 4 PHASES OF ATTACHMENT:** This phase occurs from **24** months on, wherein children become **aware of others’ feelings** and account for them in their own actions.

Answer 28

Phase 4

Question 29

**INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN ATTACHMENT:** **Observational measure of infant attachment** that requires an infant to move through a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with a caregiver and an adult stranger in a prescribed order.

Answer 29

Strange Situation

Question 30

**INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN ATTACHMENT:** These babies use the caregiver as a **secure base** from which to explore the environment.

Answer 30

Securely Attached Babies

Question 31

**INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN ATTACHMENT:** These babies **show insecurity** by **avoiding** the caregiver.

Answer 31

Insecure Avoidant

Question 32

**INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN ATTACHMENT:** These babies cling to the caregiver, then **resist** the caregiver by **fighting against the closeness**.

Answer 32

Insecure Resistant Babies

Question 33

**INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN ATTACHMENT:** These babies show insecurity by being **disorganized** and **disoriented**.

Answer 33

Insecure Disorganized Babies

Question 34

**INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN ATTACHMENT:** A model that involves **connections across domains over time** that influence developmental pathways and outcomes.

Answer 34

Developmental Cascade Model

Question 35

**DEVELOPMENTAL SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE AND ATTACHMENT:** Which 3 regions of the brain play important roles in maternal attachment behavior?

Answer 35

- Prefrontal Cortex - Amygdala Subcortical Regions - Hypothalamus

Question 36

**FAMILY:** A **bidirectional** form of socialization wherein **children socialize parents**, just as parents socialize children.

Answer 36

Reciprocal Socialization

Question 37

**FAMILY:** Parents time interactions so that infants experience turn taking with the parents.

Answer 37

Scaffolding

Question 38

**FAMILY:** **TRUE or FALSE:** **Both** paternal and maternal interactions center on **child-care** activities.

Answer 38

**FALSE**, Maternal interactions are child-care centered, whilst Paternal interactions tend to be **play-centered**.