Athena Course

Question 1

ABC Therapy

Answer 1

A: Antecendent: trigger
B: behavioural choice: e.g. drinking
C: Dominant choice

Question 2

High comorbidity between MD and SUDs hypotheses

Answer 2

1. share underlying factor
2. neurotoxic drug effects causes MD
3. MD first, SUDS as way to soothe their symptoms (self-medication)
4. misdiagnosis (symptom similarity/overlap might result in a misdiagnosis of MD in SUD)

Question 3

Independent mood disorder

Answer 3

Symptoms are not only attributed to substance, persistence beyond substance use and show a response pattern to antidepressants

Question 4

substance induced MD

Answer 4

Symptoms occur during or shortly after substance use, linked to the duration of substance use

Question 5

Self-medication hypothesis

Answer 5

Mental illness causes person to turn to substance to control their symptoms
Co-morbid disorder-> self medication -> SUD

Question 6

Susceptibility hypothesis

Answer 6

Biological changes due to substance use makes the person more susceptible to develop a comorbidity as a result of a triggering event

Question 7

High-risk hypothesis

Answer 7

Substance use results in more risky behaviour and so they are more likely to experience stressful life events that would then trigger a co-morbid disorder

Question 8

Third factor hypothesis

Answer 8

There is no cuasal relationship between SUD and co-morbidity but rather an underlying cuase
- e.g genetics, environmental risk/triggers, structural neurological differences

Question 9

Bidirectional hypothesis

Answer 9

SUD and comorbidity influence each other
E.g. substance use may trigger psychosis. Person may then continue to use to deal with dysphoria that follows the psychosis

Question 10

Sensitisation

Answer 10

Increased ability of the drug to raise dopamine transmission in NAcc => heightened wanting for rewards associated with drug-related cues => compulsive drug seeking