ATI 7: Chem Tutor Geek Flashcards
1
Q
What determines if a substance is a Solid, Liquid, Gas (2)
A
- How far apart the molecules are (within the substance)
- How fast these molecules are moving
2
Q
Do molecules in a solid move?
A
No, but they vibrate
3
Q
Gas to Solid is called
A
Deposition
4
Q
Solid to a gas is called
A
Sublimation
5
Q
As temperature increases the atmospheric pressure……
As temperature decreases the atmospheric pressure….
A
Decreases
Increases
6
Q
The heating curve includes these phase changes. (3)
A
Melting, vaporization, sublimation
7
Q
Cooling curve includes these 3 phase changes
A
Condensation, freezing, deposition
8
Q
Matter can be divided into 2 categories
A
Pure substances & Mixtures
9
Q
Pure substances can be broken down into (2)
A
Elements & Compounds
10
Q
_______ is a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
________ is a substance which is formed by two or more different types of elements which are united chemically in a fixed proportion.
A
Molecule
Compound
11
Q
Which subatomic particle has the largest mass
A
Neutron
12
Q
Any element that is made of 2 atoms in its natural form
A
Diatomic
13
Q
hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I).
Are this type of element
A
Diatomic
14
Q
Groups or families all have a number of valance electrons equal to their group number.
which way on the periodic table do they go?
A
Down
15
Q
Periods on the table indicate the number of electron orbitals
They go which direction on the table
A
To the right, across
16
Q
Metals are (cations / anions) in an ionic bond?
Is this positive or negative
A
Cations
Positive
17
Q
Group 1A are this kind of element?
A
Alkali metals
18
Q
Group 2A elements are this kind
A
Alkaline earth metals
19
Q
Group 7A are called
A
Halogens
20
Q
Group 8A are calles
A
Noble gases
21
Q
Between group 2 and 13 are
A
Transitional metals
22
Q
Highly reactive
Form cations with +1 charge
A
Alkali metals
23
Q
Highly reactive
Form cations with a +2 charge
A
Alkaline Earth metals
24
Q
This type of element consists of diatomic elements
Forms anions with a negative -1 charge
A
Halogens
25
Least reactive
Aka "inert gases"
Noble Gases
26
The average number of protons and neutrons for all natural isotopes of an element is called...
Where is it found on the periodic table
Atomic mass
Below the atomic symbol
27
The Elemental Symbol is written how?
Top
Mass number (Protons & Neutrons)
Bottom
Atomic number
(Number of protons)
28
Metals are (least / most) electronegativite
Non-metals are (least/ most) electronegativite
Metals: Least
Nonmetals: Most
29
All diatomic molecules have ____ bonds between the same atoms
Covalent
30
When the difference in electronegativity is greater than or equal to >0.5 this is called a Polar bond.
True or False
True
31
H - H which type of bond?
Non polar Covalent
32
C 2.5 - H 2.1 which type of bond?
Covalent
Non-polar
33
Ca - S type of bond
Ionic
34
O - H type of bond
Polar Covalent
35
How many electrons fit in the 1st - 7th energy level
1=2
2=8
3=18
4=32
5=50
6=72
7=98
36
Xe has an atomic number 54
It is located 8a group and 5th period
Describe where the electrons are located
1=2
2=8
3=18
4=18
5=8
37
2 factors that affect the size of an atom or the "atomic radii"
1. Distance of the electron to the Proton
2. The amount of protons in the nucleus
38
Distance from center of the nucleus to the outer most electron is called?
Atomic radius
39
Atomic radius increases how
Periods
Groups
Increases
Periods: Right to Left
Groups: Up to Down
40
Why do atomic radii increase going from up to down on the periodic table?
As you go down each Peroid is 1 more electron shell so the radius is bigger due to more shells
41
Why does the atomic radius increase as you go from Right to Left?
Right side= Higher atomic number, more protons, protons pull the electrons towards them due to being opposite charges, shrinking the radius.
The left has less protons than the right and has less of a pull towards the negative electrons
42
Which had a larger atomic radius
Cation or regular element
Regular element
Due to there being more protons, they pull the electrons in making it smaller
43
Are anions bigger or smaller than their neutral atom?
Bigger
Due to the electrons taking up more space
44
_____ is the energy required to remove one or more valance electrons from a gaseous atom
Ionization Energy
45
Ionization energy trend in the periodic table is
IE increasing going Up
IE increases going Right
46
Ionization energy Exception
Be, Mg,CA are reversed with B,Al,GA
&
N,P,As are reversed with O,S,Se
True or False
True
47
What is the difference between Electronegativitiy & Ionization Energy?
Electronegativity ATTRACTS electrons to form bonds (Covalent)
Ionization energy REMOVES electrons from a gaseous atom
48
What is the most electronegativite atom? Pauling electronegativity scale
although in the Allred-Rochow scale, _____ has the highest electronegativity.)
F fluorine
He helium
49
Acids are likely to begin with an H and be attached to a metal
True or False
False
A Non metal
Bases have an H attached to a metal
50
Bases are likely to have an OH and/or a metal attached to an H
True or False
True
51
This theory says that acids release Hydrogen (H+) ions in a solution
Bases release Hydroxide (OH-) ions in a solution
Arrhenius
52
This theory states that Acids are Proton donors
Bases are Proton acceptors
Bronsted-Lowry
53
Bronsted Lowry
NH³ + H²O ----> NH⁴ + OH-
Which is the Bronsted Lowry Acid / Base
Which is the Conjugated Acid/ Base
NH³ Base
H²O Acid
NH⁴+ Acid
OH- Base
54
Hcl ---> H+ (+) Cl-
HCl + H²O ---> H3O+ (+) Cl-
What type of Acid theory is this?
What is happening here?
Hydrochloric Acid is disassocating into hydrogen and chloride
Hydrochloric Acid is disassociate with water to become Hydronime (An Acid)
55
Arrhenius
NaOH ----> Na+ (+) OH-
NaOH is arrhenius base
56
HCl + H²O ---> H³O+ (+) Cl-
What is happening here?
Is it a strong or weak acid, why?
HCl hydrochloric Acid is completely disassocating
Strong acid
57
NaOH ---> Na+ (+) OH-
Is this an example of a strong or weak base? Why?
Strong
Because it completely disassociates
58
How many vacation days does a nurse get annually?
How many do you get?
Nurses receive an average of 26 vacation days.
0
Fuck DK security
59
If a solution has Arrows Going Both Ways "reversible" is it a strong or weak acid/ base
Weak
60
Which of the following are a homogeneous mixture
A: milk
B: air
C: blood
D: sand
E: oil and water
F: salt water
G: black coffee
A
B
C
F
G
61
Which of the following express a compound
A: NaCl
B: H²
C: H²O
D: NH³
E: F²
F: Mg
G: He
H: CO²
A
C
D
H
62
Which describes the compound
Electronegativity values given of each
(3.0)C(2.5)Cl⁴
Polar-covalent
Non polar-covalent
Ionic
Neither
Polar-covalent
63
35
Br
79.9
What is the average number of neutrons in bromine
44.9
Minus Atomic number (Protons)
From Atomic Mass (the number of protons and neutrons in the atom (the mass number) or to the average number allowing for the relative abundances of different isotopes)
64
Odor
Enery change
Gas bubbles
Precipitate formation
Color change
As signs that a ____ has taken place
Chemical reaction
65
Does a solid have (high or low) kinetic energy
Low
66
Bronsted-Lowry base is a Proton donor
True or False
False
Bronsted Lowry Acid is a Proton donor
67
Which is true
Matter is anything that has mass and volume
Matter is anything that takes up space and has volune
Matter is anything that has mass and volume
68
16 -2
O
8
What are the number of protons, electrons, neutrons
P=8
N=8
E=10
69
How many of each subatomic particles does Aluminum with a +3 charge have
13
Al
26.982
P = 13
N = 14
E = 10
70
What are the SI units for
Time
Length
Mass
Electric current
Thermodynamic temperature
Amount of substance
Luminous intensity
Second
Meter
Kilogram
Ampere
Kelvin
Mole
Candela
71
Which of the phase changes requires a loss of heat
Sublimation
Melting
Deposition
Condescending
Freezing
Deposition
Condensing
Freezing
72
A cooling curve does this to the molecules in a substance
Slows them down
73
A heating curve does this to the molecules in a substance
Speeds them up
74
Oxygen with 8 protons, 10 electrons, 8 neutrons is
An anion with a - 2 charge
A Cation with a - 2 charge
An anion with a + 2 charge
A Cation with a + 2 charge
An anion with a -2 charge
75
NH3
Acid or base
Base
ammonia
76
KOH
Acid or base
Base
potassium hydroxide
77
NaHCO3
Acid or base
Base
sodium bicarbonate
78
Na2CO3
Acid or base
Base
sodium carbonate
79
NaOH
Acid or base
Base
sodium hydroxide
80
HNO3
Acid or base
nitric acid
81
HCl
Acid or base
Acid
Hydrochloric Acid
82
H3PO4
Acid or base
Acid
phosphoric acid
83
C2H4O2
Acid or base
Acid
acetic acid
84
_____ is the tendency for an atom of a given chemical element to attract shared electrons when forming a chemical bond.
Electronegativity
85
Hydrocarbon Bonds
Alkane
Alkenes
Alkyne
Alkane (all Single)
Alkenes (Single & atleast 1 double)
Alkyne (Single & atleast 1 triple)
86
Water does not evaporate easily due to which chemical property
Hydrogen bonding
87
Gas particles contain a high amount of which type of energy
Kinetic
88
Which form of matter has the most potential energy stored in its bonds
Solid
89
Does gas contain bonds and potential energy
No, only kinetic energy
90
An element with 10 protons and 11 electrons will have which kind of charge (+1 / -1) and be called (Cation/ Anion)
-1 Anion
