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Peds ATI & Final (Josh) > ATI Unit 2 - Musculskeletal Disorders (Josh) > Flashcards

ATI Unit 2 - Musculskeletal Disorders (Josh) Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Fractures:

bone fragments are separated

A

Complete

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2
Q

Ortalini Test?

Barlow Test?

Trendelenberg Test?

A

Infant Test for DDH
- Ortalini Test abducts hip (positive if hip is reduced and means DDH)

  • Barlow Test adducts hip (positive if hip is dislocated and means DDH)

Child Test for DDH
- Trendelenberg Sign (while bearing weight on affected side, the pelvis tilts downward)

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3
Q

Types of Fractures:

bone fragments are attached

A

Incomplete

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4
Q

Types of Fractures:

fracture results in injury to other organs

A

Complcated

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5
Q

Why elevate the cast the first 24-48 hrs?

A

elevate above heart level to prevent swelling

  • also apply ice first 24 hrs to prevent swelling
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6
Q

Types of Fractures:

break is diagonal across the bone

A

Oblique

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7
Q

Why do an eye examination w/ Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis?

A

diagnoses uveitis (inflammation of middle eye)

JIA increases risk for uveitis

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8
Q

Back curve needs to be at least — degrees for diagnosis of scoliosis.

A

10

mile curves less than 25o are monitored

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9
Q

Kernicterus in the neonate can cause Cerebral Palsy. What causes Kernicterus?

A

high levels of bilirubin

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10
Q

What is DDH?

A

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

  • variety of disorders resulting in abnormal development of the hip structures
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11
Q

Why are respiratory infections common w/ Down’s Syndrome?

A

decreased muscle tone and poor drainage of mucous b/c of hypotonicity and associated underdeveloped nasal bone

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12
Q

What is Chorioamnionitis?

A

risk factor for CP

Chorioamnionitis also known as intra-amniotic infection (IAI) is an inflammation of the fetal membranes (amnion and chorion) due to a bacterial infection. It typically results from bacteria ascending into the uterus from the vagina and is most often associated with prolonged labor.

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13
Q

S/S of Cerebral Palsy

A

Persistent primitive reflexes

Gagging/Choking w/ feeding

Tongue thrust

Poor head control

Rigid posture and extremities

Asymmetric crawl

Hyerreflexia

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14
Q

S/S of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

A

Joint swelling, warmth, redness (worse in AM and after naps)

Limited mobility

Fever / Rash

Limp in morning

Enlarged Lymph nodes

Delayed growth

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15
Q

Meds for JIA

A

NSAIDS

  • ibuprofen
  • naproxen
  • tolmetin

Methotrexate (DMARD)

Corticosteroids (only for life-threatening complications)
- eye solution, oral, IV

Etanercept (TNF-a blocker)
- if methotrexate is not working

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16
Q

When is spinal fusion used for Scoliosis?

A

curvature greater than 45o

  • get self-donated blood before surgery
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17
Q

Medications for Cerebral Palsy

A

Baclofen (muscle relaxer)
- administer orally or entrathecally w/ specialized, surgically implanted pump

Diazepam (decreases muscle spasms)
- older children

Botulinum Toxin (reduces spasticity)

  • used in lower extremities
  • 24-72 hrs to work
  • peak of 2 weeks
  • lasts 3-6 mths
18
Q

Lab tests for DMD

A

Serum Polymerase Chain Reacion (PCR)

Creatinine Kinase (elevated)

19
Q

– is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting joints and other tissues.

A

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

20
Q

—is a group of inherited disorders w/ progressive degeneration of symmetric skeletal muscle groups.

A

Muscular Dystrophy (MD)

21
Q

Meds for Osteogensis Imperfecta

A

Pamidronate (increases bone density)

  • monitor for hypkalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, general malaise
22
Q

S/S of Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A

multiple bone fractures

BLUE SCLERA

EARLY HEARING LOSS

bowed legs

kyphosis (hunch back)

scoliosis

23
Q

What is Ostemyelitis?

A

infection within the bone secondary to a bacterial infection from an outside source

24
Q

Compartment Syndrome S/S

A

increased pain that is unrelieved w/ elevation or analgesics

intense pain when passively moved

paresthesia

pulselessness

inability to move digits

warm digits w/ skin that is tight and shiny

pallor

25
Q

Why are mucous membranes so dry w/ Down’s Syndrome?

A

constant mouth breathing

  • rinse w/ water after meals and periodically thu day
26
Q

A child presents w/ persistent priminitive reflexes like Moro and Tonic Neck. Which dx?

A

Cerebral Palsy

27
Q

When do respiratory and cardiac difficulties start w/ DMD?

A

age 20

28
Q

Types of Cerebral Palsy

A

Spastic (Pyramidal)

Dyskinetic (Nonspastic, Extrapyramidal)

Ataxic (Nonspastic, Extrapyramidal)

29
Q

Types of Fractures:

fracture occurs w/ open wound and bone protruding

A

Open or Compound

30
Q

Types of Fractures

bone is bent no more than 45o

A

Plastic Deformation (bend)

31
Q

Types of Fractures:

break is straight across the bone

A

Transverse

32
Q

Before symptoms of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis are detected, what can be found in the lab?

A

Anticyclic Citrullinated Peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies

33
Q

Types of Fractures:

incomplete fracture of bone

A

Greenstick

34
Q

Types of Fractures:

tiny cracks in bone

A

Stress

35
Q

Types of Fractures:

fracture occurs w/out skin break

A

Closed or Simple

36
Q

Types of Fractures:

break spirals around the bone

A

Spiral

37
Q

What is the most common form of MD?

A

Duchenne Muscular Distrophy (DMD)

- lifespan only into early adulthood

38
Q

What is Cerebral Palsy?

A

a nonprogressive impairment of motor function, especially of muscle control, coordination, and posture

39
Q

Types of Fractures:

injury to end of the long bone on growth plate

A

Growth Plate

40
Q

Treatment for Clubfoot?

A

serious of casting started shortly after birth and continuing until maximum correction is accomplished

41
Q

Types of Fractures:

compression of bone resulting in a bulge or raised area at the fracture site

A

Buckle (torus)

Peds ATI & Final (Josh) (11 decks)

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