Atomic Structure Flashcards

(13 cards)

1
Q

2 Ionisation Techniques

A

Electron Impact
Electrospray ionisation

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2
Q

Molecules ionised by electron impact are known as?

A

Molecular ion

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3
Q

What ionisation method is this?
The sample X is dissolved in a volatile solvent and injected through a fine hypodermic needle to give fine mist. The tip of the needle is attached to the positive terminal of a high-voltage power supply. The particles are ionised by gaining a proton from the solvent as they leave the needle producing XH+ ions

A

Electrospray ionisation

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4
Q

What’s a molecular ion?

A

A molecule that results from the loss of an electron

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5
Q

What’s protonation

A

Protonation is the adding of a proton to an atom/molecule

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6
Q

What’s relative atomic mass?

A

The average mass of an atom/isotope compared to 1/12 the mass of C12

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7
Q

What’s electronegativity

A

The ability of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons in a covalent bond

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8
Q

What does polar mean

A

Polar bonds have a permanent uneven distribution of electron density caused by a large difference in electronegativity

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9
Q

The strongest intermolecular force

A

Hydrogen bonding - caused by hydrogen covalently bonded to N/O/F

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10
Q

Permanent dipole-dipole forces

A

IMF caused by large difference in electronegativity between two elements in a covalent bond (in polar bonds but not H bonded to NOF)

2nd strongest

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11
Q

Van Der Waals forces

A

Found in every simple covalent compound
Caused by random movement of electrons causing a temporary dipole
The weakest IMF
Affected by larger electron cloud and more surface area for intermolecular contact

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12
Q

Order of melting point

A

Giant covalent
Giant ionic
Giant metallic
Simple covalent

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13
Q

Bond Angles

A

2 Linear - 2(bonding pairs),2(lone) - 180°

3 - Trigonal planar - 3,0- 120°

4 - Tetrahedral - 4, 0 - 109.5°
4 - Trigonal Pyramidal - 3,1 -107°
4 - Bent - 2,2 - 104.5°

5 - Trigonal Bipyramidal - 5, 0 - 120°&90°

6 - Octahedral -6,0 - 90°

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