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ENGCHEM 111 LEC > Atoms and Molecules > Flashcards

Atoms and Molecules Flashcards

1
Q

Protons and neutrons are nearly ______ times more massive than electrons

A

2000

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2
Q

Free movement allows metals to conduct electricity

A

Metallic Bonding

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3
Q

occupy the upper right-hand portion of the periodic table

A

Nonmetals

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4
Q

The density of the small white dots is related to the

A

probability of finding an electron at a particular location

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5
Q

Percentages describing the relative amounts of each isotope

A

Isotopic abundances

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6
Q

Atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons are called

A

isotopes

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7
Q

can measure the masses of atoms, isotopes, and molecules

A

Mass Spectrometer

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8
Q

Derived from a single atom

A

Monatomic ion

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9
Q

Enables formation of long chains in all polymers

A

Covalent Bonding

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10
Q

is the atomic number

A

Subscript Z

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11
Q

Have chemical properties intermediate of metals and nonmetals

A

Metalloids or semimetals

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12
Q

identifies an element

A

Atomic Number

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13
Q

conduct electricity and tend to form cations

A

Metals

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14
Q

Names and symbols of some common elements whose symbols are not related to their English names:

A

Gold Au (aurum) Iron Fe (ferrum) Lead Pb (plumbum) Mercury Hg (hydrargyrum) Silver Ag (argentum) Sodium Na (natrium)

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15
Q

Matter is made of small particles called

A

Atom or Molecule

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16
Q

smaller molecules linked together in polymers

A

Monomers

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17
Q

tell the relative ratio between the numbers of atoms of the different elements present in a molecule

A

Empirical formulas

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18
Q

The nucleus is surrounded by a

A

cloud of electrons

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19
Q

are shiny, malleable, and ductile

A

Metals

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20
Q

Atoms of an element that differ in the number of neutrons in their nucleus

A

Isotopes

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21
Q

formed when the number of protons is not equal to the number of electrons in an atom

A

Ions

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22
Q

Bonding in which electrons are shared between pairs of atoms rather than donated from one atom to another

A

Covalent

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23
Q

are not shiny, malleable, or ductile

A

Nonmetals

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24
Q

The number of protons in an atom of a given element is the same as the

A

atomic number

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25
Q

Sum of the number of protons and number of neutrons in a nucleus

A

Mass number

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26
Q

describe a compound in terms of the elements the compound contains

A

Chemical Formulas

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27
Q

Bonding in which the nuclei and some fraction of their electrons comprise a positively charged “core” localized at lattice points in an extended array, and other electrons move more or less freely throughout the whole array

A

Metallic

28
Q

anything that has mass and occupies space

A

Matter

29
Q

a constant called the permittivity of a vacuum

A

ε0

30
Q

Water molecules associated with certain compounds called

A

hydrates

31
Q

is the mass number

A

Superscript A

32
Q

indicate the elements and number of atoms of each element actually contained in a discrete unit of a compound

A

Molecular formulas

33
Q

information regarding atomic structure that is written in scientific shorthand

A

Atomic Symbols

34
Q

states that the force between ions is proportional to the product of the ion charges divided by distance squared

A

Coulombs’law

35
Q

are predominant or exclusive constituents of most of the molecules that make up the human body

A

Nonmetals

36
Q

Horizontal rows on the periodic table

A

Periods

37
Q

Atoms have a __________, which contains protons and neutrons

A

nucleus

38
Q

Polymers used in everyday objects

A
  • Polyethylene
  • Poly(vinyl chloride), PVC
  • Polyacetylene
39
Q

All atoms of an element have the same number of

A

protons

40
Q

measures accurately the number of particles with a given mass

A

Mass Spectrometer

41
Q

Vertical columns on the periodic table

A

Groups

42
Q

mass (amu) of neutron

A

1.009

43
Q

do not conduct electricity and tend to form anions

A

Nonmetals

44
Q

Common names of specific groups

A
  • Group 1 - Alkali metals
  • Group 2 - Alkaline earth metals
  • Group 17 - Halogens
  • Group 18 - Noble gases/rare gases
45
Q

Number of protons in a particular atom

A

Atomic Number

46
Q

Ions with more electrons than protons are called

A

anions

47
Q

Emphasizes proton, neutron, and electron distribution; does not accurately depict current accepted model of atomic structure

A

Solar system depiction of atomic structure

48
Q

Protons are _______, electrons are ____________, and neutrons are _________

A

positively charged
negatively charged
neutral

49
Q

Are clustered along a diagonal path in the periodic table between the metals and nonmetals

A

Metalloids or semimetals

50
Q

1 atomic mass unit or amu

A

1.6605 x 10^-24 g

51
Q

are generally located toward the left and bottom of the periodic table

A

Metals

52
Q

All isotopes of an element are _____________ – undergo the exact same chemical reactions

A

chemically identical

53
Q

An element and its ion have the same chemical symbol but different ______

A

properties

54
Q

mass (amu) of electron

A

0.00055

55
Q

mass (amu) of proton

A

1.007

56
Q

Isotopes of an element have

A

different masses

57
Q

the long chain of bonded carbon atoms formed when monomers link together to form polymers

A

Polymer backbone

58
Q

the atomic symbol for element

A

X

59
Q

is composed of atoms

A

Matter

60
Q

Isotopes are identified by their mass numbers

A

mass number = protons + neutrons

61
Q

Derived from a group of atoms with an overall charge

A

Polyatomic ion

62
Q

Bonding in compounds having collections of oppositely charged ions that form an extended array called a lattice

A

Ionic

63
Q

A pure substance made up of atoms of two or more elements joined together by chemical bonds

A

Chemical compound

64
Q

very large molecules made up of many smaller molecules linked togethe

A

Polymers

65
Q

Ions with more protons than electrons are called

A

cations

66
Q

Table regions

A
  • Groups 1 to 2 and 13 to 18 are main group elements/representative elements
  • Groups 3 to 12 are transition metals
  • Lanthanides and actinides are the elements that appear below the rest of the table
67
Q

added to stress that these units are attached end to end to build up the long chain of the polymer

A

Dashes

ENGCHEM 111 LEC (13 decks)

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