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ENGCHEM 111 LEC > THE PERIODIC TABLE AND ATOM STRUCTURE > Flashcards

THE PERIODIC TABLE AND ATOM STRUCTURE Flashcards

1
Q

Components:

A

electric field and magnetic field

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2
Q

speed of light in a vacuum

A

c = 2.99792458 × 10^8 m/s
or 3.0 x 10 ^8 m/s

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3
Q

symbol for frequency

A

v

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4
Q

distance between two corresponding points on a wave

A

Wavelength

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5
Q

a technique that has been developed to the point that it can be carried out using handheld units.

A

X-ray fluorescence (XRF)

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6
Q

the small portion of the entire electromagnetic spectrum that our eyes can detect

A

Visible light

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7
Q

Light best described as a _____ when light is imparting energy to another object

A

Particle

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8
Q

As light intensity increases, the number of electrons increases ejected

A

e- versus l

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9
Q

Carbon can be detected in an X-ray fluorescence experiment by monitoring the emission at a wavelength of 4.47 nm
➢ What is the frequency of this light?

A
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10
Q

the small portion
of the electromagnetic radiation
spectrum detected by our eyes

A

Visible light

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11
Q

MEMO:
Low frequency
Long wavelength
Small amplitude

A

MEMO:
High frequency
Short wavelength
Large amplitude

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12
Q

is the number of cycles of the wave passing a given point per second, usually expressed in Hz

A

Frequency

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13
Q

two components to electromagnetic radiation

A

an electric field and a magnetic field

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14
Q

Described as a wave traveling through space

A

Visible light

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15
Q

a more accurate term for what we usually refer to simply as “light.”

A

Visible light

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16
Q

The photoelectric effect is used in

A

photocathodes

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17
Q

Below some threshold frequency or ν0, no emitted photoelectrons are

A

e- versus v

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18
Q

The fourth variable of light

A

velocity

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19
Q

Long wavelengths will have fewer cycles “pass by” in one second, so they will have ____ frequencies

A

lower

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20
Q

Depending on the situation, light is best described as a wave or a particle

A

Wave–particle duality

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21
Q

➢ Samples are decomposed into atoms
➢ Different elements absorb different frequencies of light, leading to their
identification
➢ Amount of light absorbed is related to the quantity of each element present

A

atomic absorption spectroscopy or AAS

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22
Q

has been described as a wave traveling through space

A

light

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23
Q

Light one form of electromagnetic radiation, which consists of

A

oscillating electric and magnetic fields.

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24
Q

The origin of the word electromagnetic lies in the

A

nature of light

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25
Q

The kinetic energy of emitted electrons is independent of light intensity

A

KE versus I

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26
Q

the size or height of a wave

A

amplitude

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27
Q

the distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves.

A

wavelength

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28
Q

Speed of light in a vacuum is

A

constant

29
Q

➢ Speed of light changes
➢ Light bends at an angle depending on its wavelength
➢ Light separates into its component colors in order of their wavelengths

A

Refraction

30
Q

Formula for c

A

c = λ × ν

31
Q

The photoelectric effect is not explained using a wave description but is explained by

A

modeling light as a particle

32
Q

Which plot in the photoelectron effect experiment is a step function?
* KE versus intensity
* KE versus wavelength
* Number of electrons versus intensity
* Number of electrons versus wavelength

A
  • Number of electrons versus wavelength
33
Q

determines the brightness of the light

A

amplitude

34
Q

symbol for wavelength

A

λ

35
Q

For which type of light bulb is the light generated by excited gas atoms?
* Incandescent bulb
* Halogen bulb
* Fluorescent bulb

A
  • Fluorescent bulb
36
Q

characteristics that can describe any wave

A

Speed, wavelength, frequency, and amplitude

37
Q

can be carried out without the need to decompose or damage the sample

A

nondestructive testing

38
Q

the distance between “peaks”
the distance between “valleys”

A

wavelength

39
Q

an important tool for nondestructive trace analysis

A

Handheld X-ray fluorescence or XRF instrument

40
Q

Formula for E

A

E = hv = hc/λ

41
Q

If information about the elemental composition of a part that is being used in a construction project is required, the part cannot be destroyed to determine its composition. Hence, what nondestructive testing analysis should be used?

A

X-ray fluorescence (XRF)

42
Q

the size or “height” of the wave

A

amplitude

43
Q
  • Forms of electromagnetic
    radiation include
A

radio waves, microwaves, and X-rays

44
Q

Light is described as a collection of packets of energy called

A

photons

45
Q

it is a method that requires sample digestion

A

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)

46
Q

Electromagnetic radiation can be categorized in terms of its

A

wavelength or frequency

47
Q

occurs when light strikes a metal surface and causes electrons to be ejected

A

Photoelectric effect

48
Q

➢ Frequency is _______ proportional to wavelength

A

inversely

49
Q

As frequency increases, kinetic energy of emitted electrons increases linearly

A

KE versus ν

50
Q

the number of complete cycles of the wave passing a given point per second

A

frequency

51
Q

Light strikes the cathode and

A

ejects electrons

52
Q

is the bending of a wave when it passes from one medium to another of different refractive index

A

Refraction

53
Q

Frequency usually designated as ν and measured in units of

A

1/s, or hertz (Hz).

54
Q

Ejected electrons are collected at the

A

anode

55
Q

In XRF, Atoms in the sample are excited with

A

X-rays

56
Q

➢ Energy from the light is transferred to the electrons in the metal
➢ With sufficient energy, electrons break free from the metal
➢ When more energy is given to electrons, they travel faster and have higher kinetic energy as they leave the metal

A

Photoelectric effect

57
Q

defined as the product of frequency and wavelength

A

speed of light

58
Q

The lower wave in has a _____ amplitude than the upper
wave.

A

larger

59
Q

The energy of a photon, E, is proportional to its frequency, ν

A

It is inversely proportional to the wavelength, λ

60
Q

In order to understand why a particular material, such an alloy, failed during the manufacture or use of a product requires ________ to detect chemicals that are present at extremely low levels in the alloy.

A

Trace analysis

61
Q

correspond to the color of the light

A

wavelength and frequency

62
Q

is the bending of a wave when it passes from one medium to another of different density

A

Refraction

63
Q

Many trace analysis techniques rely on _______________ and take advantage of the fact that atoms of different elements have specific and characteristic properties

A

microscopy or spectroscopy

64
Q

➢ Atoms in the sample are excited with X-rays
➢ Atoms then lose the excess energy by fluorescence, frequencies of which are characteristic for each element
➢ Fluorescence intensity is related to the quantity of an element present

A

Handheld X-ray fluorescence or XRF instrument

65
Q

Parts of Electromagnetic Spectrum

A
  • Amplitude
  • Wavelength
  • Nodes
  • Electric vector
  • Magnetic vector
  • Direction of propagation
66
Q

is the energy holding an electron to a metal

A

Binding energy

67
Q

Particular pattern of wavelengths absorbed and emitted by an element

A

Atomic spectra

68
Q

Electrical current dissociates molecular H2 into excited atoms, which emit light that separates into ______ after being passed through a prism

A

four discrete wavelengths

ENGCHEM 111 LEC (13 decks)

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