ENERGy

Question 1

Quadrillion

Answer 1

10^15

Question 2

Btu

Answer 2

British thermal unit

Question 3

1 Btu

Answer 3

1054.35 J

Question 4

Energy supply can be broken down into

Answer 4

coal, natural gas, crude oil, NGL,
nuclear energy, and renewable energy

Question 5

Energy consumption is broken down into four main components

Answer 5

• Residential, 21%
• Commercial, 19%
• Industrial, 32%
• Transportation, 29%

Question 6

Two broad categories of energy

Answer 6

Potential energy and kinetic energy

Question 7

Associated with the relative position of an object

Answer 7

Potential energy

Question 8

Associated with motion

Answer 8

Kinetic energy

Question 9

Formula for kinetic energy

Answer 9

1/2mv^2

Question 10

The combined kinetic and potential energies of atoms and molecules that make up an object or system

Answer 10

Internal energy

Question 11

Energy released or absorbed during a chemical reaction

Answer 11

Chemical energy

Question 12

Study of the energetic consequences of chemistry

Answer 12

Thermochemistry

Question 13

is the flow of energy between two objects because of a difference in temperature

Answer 13

Heat

Question 14

is the transfer of energy accomplished by a force moving a mass some distance against resistance

Answer 14

Work

Question 15

is the most common work type in chemistry

Answer 15

Pressure-volume work

Question 16

SI unit of energy

Answer 16

Joule, J

Question 17

W = mass x acceleration x distance

Question 18

is the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1°F

Answer 18

1 Btu

Question 19

is the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water from 14.5 to 15.5°C

Answer 19

1 calorie

Question 20

1 Btu
1 calorie

Answer 20

1055 J
4.184 J

Question 21

The part of the universe being considered

Answer 21

System

Question 22

The remainder of the universe

Answer 22

Surroundings

Question 23

System + Surroundings

Answer 23

Universe

Question 24

System and surroundings are separated by a

Answer 24

boundary

Question 25

For a system or surroundings, the only possible forms of energy flow are

Answer 25

heat q work w

Question 26

means “change in” and is defined as the difference in the final and initial states

Answer 26

delta

Question 27

Formula for change in energy

Answer 27

q + w E final - E initial

Question 28

values indicate that energy is being released

Answer 28

Negative values

Question 29

values indicate that energy is being absorbed

Answer 29

Positive values

Question 30

states that energy can be transformed from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed

Answer 30

First law of thermodynamics

Question 31

A common way to obtain work from a system is to heat the system

Answer 31

Waste Energy

Question 32

Heat not converted to work is considered

Answer 32

waste energy

Question 33

is the temperature change in a body of water from hot or cold waste streams, resulting in temperatures different from normal seasonal ranges

Answer 33

Thermal pollution

Question 34

is a laboratory method for observing and measuring the flow of heat into and out of a system

Answer 34

Calorimetry

Question 35

is a physical property of a substance that describes the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by 1°C

Answer 35

specific heat capacity or specific heat

Question 36

is a physical property of a substance that describes the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by 1°C

Answer 36

molar heat capacity

Question 37

Formula specific heat

Answer 37

q = mc(delta)T

Question 38

Heat flow is measured using a

Answer 38

calorimeter

Question 39

measures the heat evolved or absorbed by the system of interest by measuring the temperature change in the surroundings

Answer 39

calorimeter

Question 40

two steps in a calorimetric measurement

Answer 40

calibration and actual measurement

Question 41

Heat released or absorbed in a reaction of known quantity of material is measured

Answer 41

Actual measurement

Question 42

The calorimeter constant, Ccalorimeter, is determined by dividing the known amount of heat released in the calorimeter by the temperature change of the calorimeter

Answer 42

Calibration

Question 43

Three metals aluminum (sh=0.900), copper (sh=0.385), and iron (sh=0.444) all start at room temperature, and they are placed in a furnace for 90 seconds. Which metal is at the highest temperature? * Aluminum * Copper * Iron

Answer 43

* Copper

Question 44

Why does sweating “cool” the body? * Because water conducts heat better than skin * Because evaporation absorbs heat * Because water has a high heat capacity as it warms up on your skin

Answer 44

* Because evaporation absorbs heat

Question 45

Burning 0.500 mol of carbon to form carbon dioxide releases 197 kJ of heat. How much heat is released if 44.0 g of CO2 is produced in a similar reaction? * 98.4 kJ * 197 kJ * 394 kJ * 590 kJ

Answer 45

* 394 kJ

Question 46

Conditions under which heat flow, q, occurs will have an impact on the measurement that is made

Answer 46

Enthalpy

Question 47

Combustion of octane releases ______________ under constant volume conditions, represented as qv

Answer 47

5.45x 10^3 KJ

Question 48

Combustion of octane releases _______________ under constant pressure conditions, represented as qp

Answer 48

5.48x10^3 KJ

Question 49

is the heat flow under conditions of constant pressure

Answer 49

Enthalpy

Question 50

When a system releases heat, the process is said to be

Answer 50

exothermic (negative)

Question 51

When a system absorbs heat, the process is said to be

Answer 51

endothermic (positive)

Question 52

summarizes the overall energetics for a chemical reaction

Answer 52

thermochemical equation

Question 53

is the chemical reaction by which one mole of a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states

Answer 53

formation reaction

Question 54

is the most stable form of an element at room temperature, 25°C, and pressure, 1 atm

Answer 54

standard state

Question 55

Enthalpy change for any process is independent of the particular way the process is carried out

Answer 55

Hess's law

Question 56

is a variable whose value depends only on the state of the system and not its history

Answer 56

state function