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ENGCHEM 111 LEC > MOLECULES, MOLES, AND CHEMICAL EQUATIONS > Flashcards

MOLECULES, MOLES, AND CHEMICAL EQUATIONS Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

is the process in which solvent is added to a solution to decrease the concentration of the solute

A

Dilution

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2
Q

Balanced chemical reactions provide ________ between reactants and products

A

stoichiometric ratios

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3
Q

are soluble compounds that conduct electricity when dissolved in water

A

Electrolytes

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4
Q

states that matter is neither created nor destroyed

A

law of conservation of matter

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5
Q

The mass of 6.022x10^23 atoms of any element is the ____________

A

molar mass of that element

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6
Q

Reactions that occur in water are said to take place in

A

aqueous solution

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7
Q

Unit for molar mass

A

(g/mol)

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8
Q

are substances that dissolve in water to produce OH- ions

A

Bases

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9
Q

measures the mass percentage of each element in a compound

A

elemental analysis

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10
Q

Amount of biomass produced can be improved through appropriate use of _____________________

A

fertilizers and pesticides on crops

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11
Q

Solubility can be predicted using

A

solubility rules

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12
Q

Acetic acid, a ______________, weakly conducts electricity when dissolved in
water

A

weak electrolyte

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13
Q

completely dissociate in water

A

Strong acids and bases

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14
Q

Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

A

Solution

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15
Q

is the SI unit for amount of substance.

A

mole (abbreviated mol)

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16
Q

an interpretation that visualizes reactions between individual molecules

A

Microscopic interpretation

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17
Q

1 mole Water

A

6.022 x 10^23 H2O Molecules

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18
Q

Chemical equations may be balanced via ________________, which really means by trial and error

A

inspection

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19
Q

At the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all gases contain the _______ number of molecules

A

same

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20
Q

is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution

A

Molarity or molar concentration

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21
Q

Chemical equations are interpreted on the

A

microscopic and macroscopic level

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22
Q

An equation that includes spectator ions

A

Total ionic equation

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23
Q

Compounds can be characterized by their

A

solubility

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24
Q

Chemical formulas represent

A

reactants and products

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25
Sugar, a ___________, does not conduct electricity when dissolved in water
nonelectrolyte
26
1 mole Salt
6.022 x 10^23 NaCl Formula units
27
Solution component present in lesser amount
Solute
28
1 mol is equal to
6.022 x 10^23 atoms or Molecules
29
Acid or Base HCl, HNO3, H3PO4, HCN
Acids
30
Aqueous chemical reactions can be written as a __________, which shows the complete formula for each compound
molecular equation
31
Biomass produced by photosynthesis has the potential to supply ___________ (TW) of power
90 terawatts
32
Current human usage of biomass accounts for about _____
15 TW
33
is the mass per mole of its entities (atoms, molecules, or formula units).
molar mass (M) of a substance
34
a way to measure matter or substances in the Laboratory
concept of Mole
35
a whole number multiple of the empirical formula
molecular formula
36
the amount of a substance that contains the same number of entities as there are atoms in exactly 12g of carbon-12
6.022 x 10^23 atoms or Molecules
37
Acid or Base NaOH, Ca(OH)2, NH
Base
38
Chemical reactions must obey the law of conservation of matter. What are those?
* The same number of atoms for each element must occur on both sides of the chemical equation * A chemical reaction simply rearranges the atoms present into different molecules
39
compounds do not dissolve readily in water
Insoluble compounds
40
When spectator ions are removed, the result is a
net ionic equation
41
A phase in which a substance dissolved in water
Aqueous
42
refers to the various quantitative relationships between reactants and products
Stoichiometry
43
refers to biological material from plants
Biomass
44
is a means of counting the large number of particles in samples
mole
45
Solution component present in greatest amount
Solvent
46
dissociate completely into ions in solution
Strong electrolytes
47
provide a concise way to represent CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
Chemical formulas
48
are the original materials and are written on the left-hand side of the equation
Reactants
49
Numbers used to balance chemical equations are called
stoichiometric coefficients
50
are fuels derived from biomass
Biofuels
51
Potassium chromate, a _______, strongly conducts electricity when dissolved in water
strong electrolyte
52
the amount of a substance that contains the same number of entities as there are atoms in exactly 12g of carbon-12
Mole
53
Chemical basis of biomass production is the
photosynthetic formation of sugars
54
are substances that dissolve in water to produce H+ or H3O+ ions
Acids
55
are ions uninvolved in the chemical reaction
Spectator ions
56
What are the 4 phases with its labels follow each formula
* Solid = (s) * Liquid = (l) * Gas = (g) * Aqueous = (aq)
57
A PRECIPITATION REACTION is an aqueous reaction that produces a solid, called the
precipitate
58
are substances whose solutions do not conduct electricity
Nonelectrolytes
59
are the newly formed compounds and are written on the right-hand side of the equation
Products
60
dissociate partially into ions in solution
Weak electrolytes
61
This number is also referred to as __________, and its value is 6.022x10^23 particles/mole
Avogadro’s number
62
occurs when ionic solids dissolve in water and break into their constituent ions
Dissociation reaction
63
compounds dissolve readily in water
Soluble compounds
64
Light from the sun supplies the Earth with ___________ of power
86 petawatts of power
65
True or False The number of moles of solute is the different before and after dilution
False The number would be THE SAME before and after dilution
66
The preparation of a _______ is a common way to enable two solids to make contact with one another
solution
67
When a covalently bonded material dissolves in water and the molecules remain _______, they do not conduct explicitly
intact
68
A CHEMICAL EQUATION builds upon chemical formulas to concisely represent a _____________
chemical reaction
69
Pay attention to the following when balancing chemical equations:
* Do not change species * Do not use fractions because we cannot have half a molecule * Make sure you have the same number of atoms of each element on both sides
70
6.022 x 10^23 is called
Avogadro’s number
71
Important considerations in an economic assessment of biofuels
* Crop production costs * Crop conversion costs * Transportation costs
72
Dissociation of reactants and products is emphasized by writing a
total ionic equation
73
an interpretation that visualizes reactions between bulk quantities
Macroscopic interpretation
74
represent the transformation of one or more chemical species into new substances
Chemical equations
75
Some reactions require an additional symbol placed over the reaction arrow to specify reaction conditions What is the symbol for thermal reactions?
Heat (Δ)
76
Some reactions require an additional symbol placed over the reaction arrow to specify reaction conditions What is the symbol for photochemical reactions?
Light (hν)
77
Mixing an acid and a base leads to a reaction known as ________, in which the resulting solution is neither acidic nor basic
neutralization
78
can be determined from an elemental analysis
Empirical formulas

ENGCHEM 111 LEC (13 decks)

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