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ENGCHEM 111 LEC > MOLECULES, MOLES, AND CHEMICAL EQUATIONS > Flashcards

MOLECULES, MOLES, AND CHEMICAL EQUATIONS Flashcards

1
Q

is the process in which solvent is added to a solution to decrease the concentration of the solute

A

Dilution

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2
Q

Balanced chemical reactions provide ________ between reactants and products

A

stoichiometric ratios

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3
Q

are soluble compounds that conduct electricity when dissolved in water

A

Electrolytes

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4
Q

states that matter is neither created nor destroyed

A

law of conservation of matter

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5
Q

The mass of 6.022x10^23 atoms of any element is the ____________

A

molar mass of that element

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6
Q

Reactions that occur in water are said to take place in

A

aqueous solution

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7
Q

Unit for molar mass

A

(g/mol)

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8
Q

are substances that dissolve in water to produce OH- ions

A

Bases

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9
Q

measures the mass percentage of each element in a compound

A

elemental analysis

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10
Q

Amount of biomass produced can be improved through appropriate use of _____________________

A

fertilizers and pesticides on crops

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11
Q

Solubility can be predicted using

A

solubility rules

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12
Q

Acetic acid, a ______________, weakly conducts electricity when dissolved in
water

A

weak electrolyte

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13
Q

completely dissociate in water

A

Strong acids and bases

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14
Q

Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

A

Solution

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15
Q

is the SI unit for amount of substance.

A

mole (abbreviated mol)

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16
Q

an interpretation that visualizes reactions between individual molecules

A

Microscopic interpretation

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17
Q

1 mole Water

A

6.022 x 10^23 H2O Molecules

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18
Q

Chemical equations may be balanced via ________________, which really means by trial and error

A

inspection

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19
Q

At the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all gases contain the _______ number of molecules

A

same

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20
Q

is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution

A

Molarity or molar concentration

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21
Q

Chemical equations are interpreted on the

A

microscopic and macroscopic level

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22
Q

An equation that includes spectator ions

A

Total ionic equation

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23
Q

Compounds can be characterized by their

A

solubility

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24
Q

Chemical formulas represent

A

reactants and products

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25
Q

Sugar, a ___________, does not conduct electricity when dissolved in water

A

nonelectrolyte

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26
Q

1 mole Salt

A

6.022 x 10^23 NaCl Formula units

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27
Q

Solution component present in lesser amount

A

Solute

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28
Q

1 mol is equal to

A

6.022 x 10^23 atoms or Molecules

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29
Q

Acid or Base
HCl, HNO3, H3PO4, HCN

A

Acids

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30
Q

Aqueous chemical reactions can be written as a __________, which shows the complete formula for each compound

A

molecular equation

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31
Q

Biomass produced by photosynthesis has the potential to supply ___________ (TW) of power

A

90 terawatts

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32
Q

Current human usage of biomass
accounts for about _____

A

15 TW

33
Q

is the mass per mole of its entities (atoms, molecules, or formula units).

A

molar mass (M) of a substance

34
Q

a way to measure matter or substances in the Laboratory

A

concept of Mole

35
Q

a whole number multiple of the empirical formula

A

molecular formula

36
Q

the amount of a substance that contains the same number of entities as there are atoms in exactly 12g of carbon-12

A

6.022 x 10^23 atoms or Molecules

37
Q

Acid or Base
NaOH, Ca(OH)2, NH

A

Base

38
Q

Chemical reactions must obey the law of conservation of matter. What are those?

A
  • The same number of atoms for each element must occur on both sides of the chemical equation
  • A chemical reaction simply rearranges the atoms present into different molecules
39
Q

compounds do not dissolve readily in water

A

Insoluble compounds

40
Q

When spectator ions are removed, the result is a

A

net ionic equation

41
Q

A phase in which a substance dissolved in water

A

Aqueous

42
Q

refers to the various quantitative relationships between reactants and products

A

Stoichiometry

43
Q

refers to biological material from plants

A

Biomass

44
Q

is a means of counting the large number of particles in samples

A

mole

45
Q

Solution component present in greatest amount

A

Solvent

46
Q

dissociate completely into ions in solution

A

Strong electrolytes

47
Q

provide a concise way to represent CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

A

Chemical formulas

48
Q

are the original materials and are written on the left-hand side of the equation

A

Reactants

49
Q

Numbers used to balance chemical equations are called

A

stoichiometric coefficients

50
Q

are fuels derived from biomass

A

Biofuels

51
Q

Potassium chromate, a _______, strongly conducts electricity when dissolved in water

A

strong electrolyte

52
Q

the amount of a substance that contains the same number of entities as there are atoms in exactly 12g of carbon-12

A

Mole

53
Q

Chemical basis of biomass production is the

A

photosynthetic formation of sugars

54
Q

are substances that dissolve in water to produce H+ or H3O+ ions

A

Acids

55
Q

are ions uninvolved in the chemical reaction

A

Spectator ions

56
Q

What are the 4 phases with its labels follow each formula

A
  • Solid = (s)
  • Liquid = (l)
  • Gas = (g)
  • Aqueous = (aq)
57
Q

A PRECIPITATION REACTION is an aqueous reaction that produces a solid, called the

A

precipitate

58
Q

are substances whose solutions do not conduct electricity

A

Nonelectrolytes

59
Q

are the newly formed compounds and are written on the right-hand side of the equation

A

Products

60
Q

dissociate partially into ions in solution

A

Weak electrolytes

61
Q

This number is also referred to as __________, and its value is 6.022x10^23 particles/mole

A

Avogadro’s number

62
Q

occurs when ionic solids dissolve in water and break into their constituent ions

A

Dissociation reaction

63
Q

compounds dissolve readily in water

A

Soluble compounds

64
Q

Light from the sun supplies the Earth with ___________ of power

A

86 petawatts of power

65
Q

True or False

The number of moles of solute is the different before and after dilution

A

False

The number would be THE SAME before and after dilution

66
Q

The preparation of a _______ is a common way to enable two solids to make contact with one another

A

solution

67
Q

When a covalently bonded material dissolves in water and the molecules
remain _______, they do not conduct explicitly

A

intact

68
Q

A CHEMICAL EQUATION builds upon chemical formulas to concisely represent a _____________

A

chemical reaction

69
Q

Pay attention to the following when
balancing chemical equations:

A
  • Do not change species
  • Do not use fractions because we cannot have half a molecule
  • Make sure you have the same number of atoms of each element on both sides
70
Q

6.022 x 10^23 is called

A

Avogadro’s number

71
Q

Important considerations in an economic assessment of biofuels

A
  • Crop production costs
  • Crop conversion costs
  • Transportation costs
72
Q

Dissociation of reactants and products is emphasized by writing a

A

total ionic equation

73
Q

an interpretation that visualizes reactions between bulk quantities

A

Macroscopic interpretation

74
Q

represent the transformation of one or more chemical species into new substances

A

Chemical equations

75
Q

Some reactions require an additional symbol placed over the reaction arrow to specify reaction conditions

What is the symbol for thermal reactions?

A

Heat (Δ)

76
Q

Some reactions require an additional symbol placed over the reaction arrow to specify reaction conditions

What is the symbol for photochemical reactions?

A

Light (hν)

77
Q

Mixing an acid and a base leads to a reaction known as ________, in which the resulting solution is neither acidic nor basic

A

neutralization

78
Q

can be determined from an elemental analysis

A

Empirical formulas

ENGCHEM 111 LEC (13 decks)

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