atoms to ions

Question 1

what is the relative charge of a proton?

Answer 1

positive

Question 2

what is the relative charge of a neutron?

Answer 2

neutral

Question 3

what is the relative charge of an electron?

Answer 3

negative

Question 4

what is the relative mass of a proton?

Answer 4

1

Question 5

what is the relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 5

1

Question 6

what is the relative mass of an electron?

Answer 6

0.005

Question 7

why do elements react?

Answer 7

in order to achieve a full outer energy level

Question 8

what is ionic bonding?

Answer 8

when a metal reacts with a non- metal to form a compound

Question 9

what is relative formula mass?

Answer 9

the total sum of all the atomic masses that make up a compound

Question 10

what is covalent bonding?

Answer 10

they share electrons and occurs between non metals only

Question 11

what is an atomic number?

Answer 11

the number of protons which equals the number of electrons

Question 12

how are ionic compounds held together?

Answer 12

by strong forces of attraction between their oppositely charged ions

Question 13

what is an ionic lattice?

Answer 13

when oppositely charged ions arrange themselves into a repeating pattern of alternating charges

Question 14

what happens if an ionic lattice receives a sharp blow?

Answer 14

may move the ions and produce contact between ions of like charges - these would repel resulting in brittle property

Question 15

what happens if a lattice is solid?

Answer 15

ions are locked into the lattice and cannot move so do not conduct electricity

Question 16

how can a solid ionic lattice be broken?

Answer 16

when molten or dissolved in water - free to move and carry charge

Question 17

can molten or dissolved ionic substances conduct energy?

Answer 17

no

Question 18

what do substances made up of simple molecules have?

Answer 18

low melting and boiling points - forces are weak

Question 19

why can’t simple molecules carry electrical charge?

Answer 19

they have no overall charge and do not conduct electricity

Question 20

what is an allotrope?

Answer 20

a substance made from the same elements but the atoms are arranged differently

Question 21

what is graphene?

Answer 21

a single layer of graphite - it makes 3 covalent bonds and has free electrons to conduct electricity

Question 22

what is buckminster fullerene used for?

Answer 22

deliver drugs as they are hollow

Question 23

what are some characteristics on buckminster fullerene? (3)

Answer 23

normally have 3 bonds for each carbon
has 1 free electron to conduct electricity
spherical

Question 24

what is metallic bonding?

Answer 24

a lattice of regularly arranged positive metal ions in a sea of delocolised electrons

Question 25

why are metals malleable (can be bent or shaped)?

Answer 25

they consist of layers of atoms, these can slide over one another when force is applied

Question 26

why are metals good conductors of electricity?

Answer 26

their delocalised electrons can carry an electrical charge

Question 27

why do metals have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 27

they have delocalised electrons in a sea of electrons and are held together by strong bonds

Question 28

why are pure metals dense?

Answer 28

the atoms arrange themselves closely together into regular patterns

Question 29

how big is a nano particle?

Answer 29

between 1 and 100 nm

Question 30

why are nano particles useful to catalysts?

Answer 30

nano particles have a much bigger surface area to volume ratio than larger particles

Question 31

what are some uses of nano particles?

Answer 31

sunscreens

Question 32

what are the risks of nano particles?

Answer 32

due to tiny size it may be possible to breathe them in and for them to enter our cells