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Bio ch. 1 > ATP and cell transport > Flashcards

ATP and cell transport Flashcards

1
Q

what does ATP stand for

A

adenosine triphosphate

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2
Q

how many building blocks of ATP are there

A

5

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3
Q

what are the building blocks of ATP and how many of them are there

A

1 ribose, 1 adenine, 3 phosphates

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4
Q

what is the function of atp

A

to provide cell energy

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5
Q

what is the bond called between the second and third phosphate on atp

A

high energy bond

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6
Q

what is an anabolic reaction

A

using energy to build up substances

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7
Q

what does the cell use anabolic reactions for

A

cell activities, growth maintenance, and repair

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8
Q

what is a catabolic reaction

A

the breakdown of substances to release energy

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9
Q

what is an example of a catabolic reaction

A

cellular respiration and digestion

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10
Q

is energy released or stored when ATP is converted to ADP

A

released

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11
Q

is energy released or stored when ADP is converted to ATP

A

stored

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12
Q

what is the fluid in the fluid mosaic model

A

the phospholipids that move

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13
Q

what is the mosaic in the fluid mosaic model

A

the combo of protiens, lipids, and carbs

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14
Q

what does hydrophilic mean

A

water loving

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15
Q

what does hydrophobic mean

A

fear of water

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16
Q

which part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic

A

phosphate head

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17
Q

which part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic

A

fatty acid tail

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18
Q

do heads of the bilayer face inside or outside of the cell

A

outside

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19
Q

do the tails of the bilayer face inside or outside of the cell

A

inside

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20
Q

why is it important for the cell membrane to be semipermeable

A

to keep the good things in and the bad things out

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21
Q

which way do particles move during passive transport

A

high to low concentration

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22
Q

does passive transport require the use of atp

A

no

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23
Q

what is the concentration gradient

A

the temporary difference in the amount of particles in a substance

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24
Q

what is the temporary difference in the amount of particles in a substance

A

concentration gradient

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25
what does it mean when particles have reached the equilibrium
equal amounts of particles are on both sides of the cell membrane
26
what are the two main types of passive transport
osmosis and diffusion
27
what is simple diffusion
movement of particles from high to low concentration
28
true or false: simple diffusion only occurs in living things
false
29
does simple diffusion occur in animal or plant cells
both
30
ex of simple diffusion
food coloring in water and perfume
31
facilitated diffusion
high to low concentration with protiens
32
true or false: facilitated diffusion only occurs in living things
true
33
what is the function of a carrier protien
it help carry large molecules across the membrane
34
how does a carrier protien work
it interacts with a molecule, protien changes shape around the molecule, and it is released
35
what is an example of a molecule that uses a carrier protien
glucose
36
what is the function of a channel protien
it allows a molecule or ion to freely cross the membrane
37
how does a channel protien work
it can be gated or open
38
ex of a molecule that needs a channel protien
Na, Cl, Ca
39
what are the four factors that influence the rate of diffusion
temp, pressure, molecule size, electrical currents
40
osmosis
the movement of water from high to low concentration
41
why is osmosis important in a cell
maintains homeostasis
42
what will happen to a cell in an isotonic solution
it stays the same
43
isotonic solution
the concentration of a solute is equal inside and outside of the cell
44
hypertonic solution
concentration of the solute is higher in the solution than in the cell
45
what happens to the cell in a hypertonic solution
the cell shrinks
46
what is plasmolysis
the shrinking of the cytoplasm
47
what happens to an animal cell during plasmolysis
the whole cell shrinks
48
what happens to a plant cell during plasmolysis
the central vacuole shrinks
49
hypotonic solution
the concentration of the solute is lower in the solution of the cell
50
what happens to the cell in a hypotonic solution
water rushes into the cell
51
what is cytolysis
bursting of the cell
52
does turgor pressure happen in a plant or animal cell
plant
53
what is turgor pressure
the central vacuole is full and it pushes on the cell wall
54
true or false: cytolysis only happens in animal cells
true
55
which way do particles move during active transport
low to high concentartion
56
does active transport require ATP
yes
57
what are the 2 ways to transport using active transport
molecular and bulk
58
what is a protein pump
pumps small molecules and ions against the concentartion gradient
59
example of a protein pump
Na+/K+ pumps
60
since the concentration of sodium is higher on the outside of the cell, will it move into or out of the cell?
out of the cell
61
since the concentration of potassium is higher on the inside of the cell, will it move into or out of the cell?
into
62
for every three sodium pumped, how many potassium are pumped
2
63
what is the engulfment of large particles and bringing them into the cell known as
endocytosis
64
what are the 2 types of endocytosis
pinocytosis and phagocytosis
65
what is the engulfing of liquids from the outside of the cell known as
pinocytosis
66
example of pinocytosis
microvilli in the small intesine
67
what is the engulfing of large particles or foreign material known as
phagocytosis
68
what is the release of large particles or liquids outside of the cell known as
exocytosis
69
ex of exocytosis
releasing hormones or nerve impulses

Bio ch. 1 (8 decks)

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