The nature of matter

Question 1

atom

Answer 1

basic unit of matter

Question 2

3 subatomic particles

Answer 2

proton, neutrons, electrons

Question 3

proton

Answer 3

positively charged in the nucleus

Question 4

neutrons

Answer 4

found in the nucleus; has no charge

Question 5

electrons

Answer 5

negatively charged; outside the nucleus

Question 6

valence electrons

Answer 6

electrons on the outermost shell

Question 7

atomic number

Answer 7

tells you the number of protons in the atom

Question 8

protons are equal to

Answer 8

the number of electrons

Question 9

mass number is also called

Answer 9

the atomic mass

Question 10

mass number

Answer 10

the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 11

to find neutrons, subtract …

Answer 11

the atomic number from the atomic mass

Question 12

atomic structure

Answer 12

shows the number of protons, neutrons, & electrons in an atom

Question 13

dot structure

Answer 13

only shows the number of valence electrons

Question 14

how many electrons are in the first shell

Answer 14

2

Question 15

how many electrons are in the 2nd shell

Answer 15

8

Question 16

how many electrons are in the third shell

Answer 16

8

Question 17

isotope

Answer 17

atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons

Question 18

compounds

Answer 18

2 or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions

Question 19

chemical bond

Answer 19

force that holds atoms together

Question 20

atoms bond to become …

Answer 20

stable

Question 21

stable atoms

Answer 21

have a full outer shell

Question 22

valence electrons …

Answer 22

gain, loose, and share electrons

Question 23

ion

Answer 23

a charged atom

Question 24

ions have more or less electrons…

Answer 24

than it does protons

Question 25

what charge does an ion have

Answer 25

either negative or positive

Question 26

groups 1, 2, & 3 on the periodic table are...

Answer 26

cations

Question 27

cations (metal pr nonmetal)

Answer 27

metals

Question 28

A cation's job is to ...

Answer 28

give away electrons

Question 29

how many electrons does it have to give away to be complete

Answer 29

as many as it takes for a full outer shell

Question 30

groups 5,6, & 7 on the periodic table are

Answer 30

anions

Question 31

an anion's job is to

Answer 31

take electrons

Question 32

ionic bond

Answer 32

the transfer of electrons between atoms

Question 33

an ionic bond happens between

Answer 33

an anion and a cation

Question 34

ionic bond: givers give electrons to

Answer 34

takers (anions)

Question 35

what is the point of an ionic bond

Answer 35

to create stable atoms & form compounds

Question 36

what do you draw to show an ionic bond

Answer 36

arrows

Question 37

covalent bond

Answer 37

sharing of electrons between atoms

Question 38

covalent bonds form between 2

Answer 38

nonmetals

Question 39

Vaan der Waals forces:

Answer 39

brief interactions between molecules in living cells & sends signals chemical reactions, and copy info

Question 40

vaan der waal's forces example

Answer 40

gecko & surface

Question 41

hydrogen bond

Answer 41

an attraction between 2 atoms that already participate in other bonds

Question 42

what kind of molecule is water

Answer 42

polar

Question 43

polarity

Answer 43

the unequal sharing of electrons between atoms

Question 44

what kind of charge does polarity create

Answer 44

a partial charge

Question 45

what does a partial charge allow

Answer 45

attraction of molecules

Question 46

cohesion

Answer 46

attraction of molecules of the same substance

Question 47

what does cohesion form

Answer 47

beads on smooth surfaces

Question 48

cohesion produces...

Answer 48

surface tension

Question 49

adhesion

Answer 49

attraction of molecules to different substances

Question 50

adhesion is stronger than ...

Answer 50

cohesion

Question 51

example of adhesion

Answer 51

water in a graduated cylinder

Question 52

capillary adhesion

Answer 52

the rising of water against the force of gravity

Question 53

heat capacity

Answer 53

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature

Question 54

why would the temperature of heat capacity be hight

Answer 54

due to H bonds

Question 55

water is ____% of the human body

Answer 55

60

Question 56

mixture

Answer 56

2 or more elements or compounds not chemically combined

Question 57

how many types of mixtures are there

Answer 57

2

Question 58

what are the 2 types of mixtures

Answer 58

solution & suspension

Question 59

solution

Answer 59

components are evenly distrubuted

Question 60

solution ex

Answer 60

salt water & Kool aid

Question 61

solute

Answer 61

substance that is dissolved

Question 62

solvent

Answer 62

substance that does the dissolving

Question 63

what is the universal solvent

Answer 63

water

Question 64

saturated solvent

Answer 64

the water has dissolved all of the solute

Question 65

suspension

Answer 65

water & non-dissolved materials

Question 66

example of suspension

Answer 66

oil

Question 67

acid

Answer 67

produces hydrogen ions in water

Question 68

3 properties of acids

Answer 68

sour taste, burning sensation, and eat away at metal

Question 69

base

Answer 69

a substance that produces hydroxide ions in water

Question 70

hydroxide ion

Answer 70

OH^-

Question 71

properties of bases

Answer 71

slippery, bitter taste, corrosive

Question 72

common bases

Answer 72

magnesium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, ammonia

Question 73

indicator

Answer 73

an organic compound that changes color in acids and bases

Question 74

example of an indicator

Answer 74

litmus paper

Question 75

what does red indicate on red litmus paper

Answer 75

acid

Question 76

what does blue indicate on blue litmus paper

Answer 76

bases

Question 77

pH

Answer 77

measures the amount of hydronium ions

Question 78

more hydronium ions equal

Answer 78

more acidic

Question 79

range of acids

Answer 79

0-6.9

Question 80

range of bases

Answer 80

7.1-14

Question 81

7 pH

Answer 81

neutral

Question 82

the lower the pH

Answer 82

the stronger the acid

Question 83

more hydroxide ions are

Answer 83

more basic

Question 84

neutral solution

Answer 84

equal concentration of hydronium and hydroxide ions

Question 85

buffers

Answer 85

solutions that contain ions to minimize the effects on pH

Question 86

neutralization

Answer 86

reaction between an acid and a base

Question 87

products of neutralization

Answer 87

salt and water

Question 88

salt

Answer 88

negative ions from an acid combined with positive ions from a base