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Bio ch. 1 > prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes > Flashcards

prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

cell

A

basic unit of life

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2
Q

what is the basic unit of structure and function

A

cells

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3
Q

what is the cell theory (3 things)

A
  1. All living thing are made up of cells
  2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
  3. All cells come from preexisting cells
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4
Q

what do all cells come from

A

pre-existing cells

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5
Q

cells have 4 things in common:

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, genetic material

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6
Q

organelle

A

tiny organ; specialized parts of a cell having a specific function

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7
Q

Cell Membrane aka

A

plasma membrane

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8
Q

cell membrane function

A

controls what enters and exits the cell

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9
Q

cell membrane structure

A

phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded in

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10
Q

semi-permeable

A

only allows certain things to enter and exit the cell

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11
Q

Nucleus function

A

the control center of the cell; DNA is found here

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12
Q

Nucleus structure

A

large and circular near the center

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13
Q

nuclear membrane function

A

controls what goes in and out of the nucleus

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14
Q

nucleoplasm function

A

helps maintain the shape of nucleus

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15
Q

nucleoplasm structure

A

jelly like material found in the nucleus

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16
Q

Nucleolus function

A

makes ribosomes

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17
Q

Nucleolus structure

A

small and round located inside the nucleus

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18
Q

Chromatin function

A

forms chromosomes during cell division

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19
Q

Chromatin structure

A

uncoiled spaghetti like appearance

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20
Q

cytoplasm function

A

holds all organelles and cytoskeleton in place; moves nutrients through the cell

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21
Q

cytoplasm structure

A

jelly-like material found inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus

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22
Q

cytoskeleton

A

A network of protein fibers extending through the cytoplasm

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23
Q

Microtubules function

A

motor proteins that move vesicles in the cell

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24
Q

Microtubules structure

A

Hollow tubes made of protein

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25
microfilaments function
help maintain the shape and support the cell
26
microfilaments structure
Twisted chain of thin protein fibers
27
microtubules and microfilaments are both part of the ...
cytoskeleton
28
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) function
Transports materials through the cell
29
what are the two types of ER's
smooth and rough
30
rough ER
has ribosomes attached to help synthesize proteins
31
smooth ER
has nothing attached; synthesizes lipids and carbs and detoxification
32
ribosomes function
make proteins
33
ribosomes structure
small and lacks a membrane; can be free or attached
34
what do ribosomes link together by reading genetic code
amino acids
35
golgi function
modifies lipids and proteins and packages materials to send out of cell
36
golgi structure
flattened sac of membranes, look like pancakes
37
mitochondria function
Makes ATP (energy)
38
where does cellular respiration occur
in the mitochondria
39
mitochondria structure
bean shaped with folded inner membranes and double outer membrane
40
vacuole function
stores materials in cells
41
vacuole structure
fluid filled membranous sacs
42
is the vacuole bigger in the animal cell or the plant cell
plant
43
lysosomes function
digest food, bacteria, and dead worn out cells
44
lysosomes structure
small, round, membranous sac
45
Centrioles function
help form mitotic spindle in cell division
46
Centrioles structure
made of microtubules
47
cilia function
short hairlike structures that aid in movement
48
cell wall function
protection and support of the cell
49
cell wall structure
rigid outer layer made of cellulose
50
which organelles are special animal parts?
lysosomes, centrioles, and cilia
51
chloroplast function
uses energy from the sun to make food; where photosynthesis occurs
52
chloroplast structure
oval and green due to the pigment chlorophyll
53
chromoplast function
gives plants their bright colors
54
what are special plant cell parts
cell wall, chloroplast, chromoplast
55
is a prokaryotic cell multicellular on unicellular
unicellular
56
what is the only example of a prokaryote
eubacteria and archaebacteria
57
what is the domain that contains prokaryotes that live in extreme environments?
archaebacteria
58
what is the domain that is considered "true bacteria"
eubacteria
59
how are prokaryotes classified
by its shape
60
what are the types of prokaryotic cells
bacillus, coccus, and sprilla
61
what shape is bacillus
rod-shaped
62
what shape is coccus
spherical
63
what shape is sprilla
spiral & coiled
64
what is the outermost layer of a prokaryotic cell
capsule
65
what is the function of the capsule
protection from attacks
66
what makes up the cell wall
peptidoglycan
67
what is the DNA is a cell known as
nucleoid
68
plasmid
extra DNA gives the cell more characteristics
69
what is the function of the fimbriae
allows adhesion to surfaces
70
what is the flagella's structure
whip-like
71
what is the function of the flagella
to aid in movement
72
do prokaryotes have a nucleus
no
73
do prokaryotes have organelles
no
74
are prokaryotes big or small
small
75
how long have prokaryotes been around
3.5 bil years
76
do prokaryotes have a lot of a single loop of DNA
single loop
77
do all prokaryotes have a cell wall
yes
78
do all prokaryotes have flagella
yes
79
are eukaryotes unicellular or multicellular
both
80
it is more common for a eukaryote to be unicellular or multicellular
multi
81
do eukaryotes have a nucleus
yes
82
are eukaryotes big or small
big
83
do eukaryotes have a lot of a single loop of DNA
lots
84
do eukaryotes have a cell wall
no
85
true or false: only plants have a cell wall
true
86
3 examples of a eukaryote
plants, animals, and fungus
87
what is the scientific name for the energy that the mitochondria creates
ATP
88
the path a protein takes through the cell
1. ribosomes 2. rough er 3. golgi 4. vacuole 5. cell membrane 6. lysosome
89
what makes plants green
chlorophyl

Bio ch. 1 (8 decks)

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