ATP pumps

Question 1

what is ATP?

Answer 1

adenosine triphosphate - source of energy for cells

Question 2

what is indirect active transport?

Answer 2

coupled transport where ions (protons) power the transport of solute

Question 3

what is direct active transport?

Answer 3

using ATP to directly pump solute against gradient

Question 4

what does amino acid absorption (transportation) require?

Answer 4

both indirect (amino acid symporters move amino acids into enterocytes) and direct (ATPase pumps maintain ion gradients)

Question 5

what are the four types of ATPases?

Answer 5

P-ATPases
vacuolar-ATPase
F-type ATPases
ABC-type ATPases

Question 6

what are P-ATPases regulated by?

Answer 6

phosphorylation

Question 7

what are the types of P-ATPases?

Answer 7

P1 - transport heavy metals
P2 - maintain electrochemical gradients
P3 - membrane potential plants and fungi
P4 - flippase, moves phospholipids
P5 - unknown function

Question 8

what are three P2-ATPases?

Answer 8

Ca 2+ and H+ (keeps Ca 2+ low in cytosol)
Na+ and K+ (maintains membrane potential)
H+ and K+ (pumps H+ to acidify stomach)

Question 9

what is vacuolarATPase?

Answer 9

two rotary motors, where ATP driven motor turns another motor that pumps protons
pumps H+ ions to increase acidity in organelles
regulated by separating the motors

Question 10

what are F-type ATPases?

Answer 10

ATP synthases that move ions with the concentration gradient to produce ATP in the mitochondrial inner membrane

Question 11

what are ABC-type ATPases?

Answer 11

contain ATP-binding cassettes with two conformational states that mediate ATP-powered translocation of many substrates