Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL2020 (cell biology) > making proteins > Flashcards

making proteins Flashcards

1
Q

what is the central dogma?

A

DNA -> RNA -> Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is transcription?

A

RNA polymerase using DNA as a template to produce mRNA transcript

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is translation?

A

a ribosome building a protein molecule from mature mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is chromatin?

A

compact DNA in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what membranes does the nucleus have?

A

two - inner and outer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the nucleolus?

A

part of the nucleus that encodes ribosomal RNAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the parts of the nucleus?

A

nuclear envelope
nucleus
chromatin
nuclear pores
nucleolus
nucleoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does RNA polymerase do?

A

catalyzes the chemical reactions that synthesize RNA from a DNA template

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the main types of RNA molecules and what do they do?

A

mRNAs - messenger, code for proteins
rRNAs - ribosomal, form basic structure of ribosomes and catalyze protein synthesis
tRNAs - transfer, adaptors between mRNA and amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the main types of RNA polymerases and what do they encode?

A

RNA poly I - rRNA
RNA poly II - mRNA, miRNA, snRNA, and snoRNA
RNA poly III - tRNA and 5s rRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the process of transcription (basic)?

A

the DNA strand is separated by the RNA polymerase and builds an RNA strand and the two DNA strands come back together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what initiates transcription?

A

RNA poly recognizes the TATAAA box to initiate:
- RNA poly II binds to TATA binding proteins
- TFIID (transcription factors) starts the process of transcription(recruits additional transcription factors to construct a large protein complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where is the TATA box located?

A

at the promoter (DNA region)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does mRNA leave the nucleus?

A

through the nucleur pore complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does the nuclear pore complex do?

A

control movement of mRNA, ribosomes, and proteins (import and export)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how does translation happen?

A

the ribosome locks together with mRNA inside and walks down, translating each codon into a amino acid and creating a chain

17
Q

what is the ribosome composed of?

A

a large catalytic subunit (with active site) and a small subunit (finds RNA and ensures codon/anticodon match)

18
Q

what does tRNA do in translation?

A

serves as link between mRNA and chain of amino acids (has the anticodons)

19
Q

what is the start codon?

A

methionine

20
Q

what is the stop codons?

A

uaa, uag, uga

21
Q

what stops translation?

A

translation termination factor (a protein)

22
Q

what is RNA splicing?

A

removing introns to leave just the exons (part of the RNA that code for proteins) - happens in nucleus

23
Q

what does the splicing?

A

spliceosomes

24
Q

what does splicing allow for?

A

multiple proteins being encoded in a single gene

BIOL2020 (cell biology) (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions