macromolecules Flashcards
(30 cards)
what are lipids?
high molecular weight molecules that are soluble in non-polar solvents
what are polysaccharides?
long polymers of sugar
what are proteins?
large biomolecules/macromolecules that compromise one or more long chains of amino acids
what are nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
what are fatty acids?
carboxylic acid with aliphatic chain - unsaturated or saturated
what are triglycerides?
one glycerol and three fatty acids
what are phospholipids?
glycerol with two fatty acids and a phosphate group - hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
what are steroids and terpenes?
lipids with aromatic rings
what is the definition of amphipathic?
having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts
what is the main part of the cell membrane?
two layers of oppositely oriented phospholipid molecules (heads out tails in)
what are polysaccharides made of?
have long chain polymeric carbohydrates with monosaccharide units bound with glycosidic bonds
what are disaccharides?
two monosaccharides joined with a glycosdic bond
what are two examples of disaccharides?
maltose and lactose
what do polysaccharides used for?
storage or structure
what is cellulose?
structural polysaccharides in cell wall of green plants
what is chitin?
long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine - used in insect exoskeleton
what is an amino acid?
organic molecule with amino group and carboxyl group, 20 different ones that combine to create proteins
how are amino acids bound?
with peptide bonds
what are the levels of protein structure?
primary (sequence of amino acids)
secondary (regions stabilized by H bonds between backbone)
tertiary (overall shape of polypeptide)
quaternary (multiple full polypeptides joined together)
what are two types of secondary protein structure?
alpha helices and beta strands
what are nucleic acids made of?
monomers called nucleotides
what are nucleotides composed of?
a nitrogenous base, a five carbon sugar, and a phosphate group
what are the two types of nitrogenous bases?
pyrimidines and purines?
what is DNA made up of?
cytosine, thymine, adenine, gaunine
