Attachment Flashcards
what is the role of the internal working model?
(hint) 3 main points
a mental representation about ourself, about others and how the world works
what was Lorenz study?
hint - ducks
he took a large clutch of goose eggs and seperated them while and after they hatched. one group of them hatched besides their mum and the other beside Lorenz while he imitated the sound of the mum goose. and the goslings believed that he was their mum. he marked them each so he could tell which group they had originally been in. he then placed them all under an overturned box and when lifted the goslings who had been with there mum when born followed there mum. the goslings who had been with Lorenz when born followed Lorenz and believed that he was their mum. this continued when they were realised into the wild. THE BONDS WERE IRREVERSABLE. Lorenz found that if the imprinting occurs within the first 4-25 hours this is the critical point.
what was Harlow’s study?
hint - monkeys
Harlow took 8 monkeys who were immediatey separated from their mum at birth and placed the monkeys in a cage with a wire monkey and a cloth monkey. 4 of the monkeys could get milk from the cloth mother and 4 from the wire monkey. both groups spent more time with the cloth mother and only went to the wire monkey to be fed. if a frightening object was placed in the cage the monkeys would take refuge with the cloth mother. if the cloth mother was in the same room the monkeys would be more adventurous. this supports the sensitive response and security of the caregiver.
what is classical conditioning?
unconditioned stimulus -> unconditioned response
natural stimulus + unconditioned stimulus -> unconditioned response
unconditioned response -> conditioned response
what is operate conditioning?
positive or negative reinforcement to make a behaviour be likely
what are the two types of conditioning?
classical and operate
what is Bowlby’s monotropic theory?
he believed that infants formed one very special attachment with their mother. if there mother isn’t present the infant will bond with another ever present adult. this is the mother substitute
what does ASCMI stand for?
A - adaptive Snap - social release Chat - critical period Makes - monotropy Images - internal working model
what is the difference between nature and nurture?
nature is for example babies being born with a natural instinct to form attachments. nurture is when for example babies learn to form attachments
what are the three types of attachment?
secure, insecure avoidant and insecure resistant
what is secure attachment?
children show moderate separation distress and moderate strange anxiety. for example children explore happily but regularly go back to their caregiver
what is insecure avoidant attachment?
children do not require comfort. for example the children explore freely but do not seek proximity or show secure base behaviour. they show little or no reaction when their caregiver leaves and they make litter effort to make contact when the caregiver returns. they show no stranger anxiety.
what is insecure resistant attachment?
these children seek greater proximity then others and so explore less.
what is Ainsworth strange situation study? and the four variations
he placed a child, the mother and a stranger in a room together while be observed through a one way mirror and asked the adults to engage in a series of introductions, separations and reunions.
the infants willingness to stay close to the caregiver - proximity seeking.
the infants willingness to explore - secure base behaviour
the infants response to a stranger - stranger anxiety
the infants unease when he caregiver leave the room - separation anxiety
what is the work of Izendoorn?
he looked at studies from all over the world as he wanted to understand the proportions of secure, insecure-avoidant and insecure-resistant. the results showed that as percentages the uk had the most secure children (75) Germany had the most insecure avoidant children (35) and Israel had the most insecure resistant children (29)
