Research Methods

Question 1

independent measures design

Answer 1

each participant is is different and randomly allocated to a condition

Question 2

repeated measures design

Answer 2

each of our participants carries out the experiment twice - once in each of our groups

Question 3

independent variable

Answer 3

the thing that the psychologist manipulates, e.g. amount of sleep

Question 4

dependent variable

Answer 4

the thing that the psychologist measures, e.g. sweat produced

Question 5

directional

Answer 5

this is when a hypothesis has a clear aim e.g. will significantly increase

Question 6

non-directional

Answer 6

this is when a hypothesis has two possible outcomes e.g. there will be a significant difference

Question 7

opportunity sample

Answer 7

these are the people who are available and willing to take part in your research

Question 8

volunteer sample

Answer 8

asking for participants to self-select & take part in your research

Question 9

systematic sample

Answer 9

collect a group of people and then chose a set amount and identify them in a systematic way e.g. every 3rd person

Question 10

target population

Answer 10

a smaller group of people are a representative of the whole population

Question 11

randomisation

Answer 11

random allocation or ordering

Question 12

what are the 5 types of sampling?

Answer 12

random, opportunity, volunteer, systematic and stratified

Question 13

integrity

Answer 13

when a psychologist should be honest and accurate

Question 14

competence

Answer 14

psychologist should maintain high standards in their professional work

Question 15

presumptive consent

Answer 15

a group of people with similar interest decide wether its appropriate for others to be part of an experiment

Question 16

prior-general consent

Answer 16

participants are recruited before the experiment they are told they will be deceived but they are to told when

Question 17

retrospective consent

Answer 17

consent from after the experiment is done

Question 18

consent

Answer 18

when someone agrees to be apart of an experiment and if there details or results can be used in the conclusion

Question 19

name the 3 types of consent

Answer 19

presumptive consent, prior general consent and retrospective consent

Question 20

participants should be aware they are allowed to … at anytime

Answer 20

withdraw

Question 21

debriefing

Answer 21

done after an experiment to discuss if they’re any side effects

Question 22

protection

Answer 22

participants should be protected from any physical or psychological harm

Question 23

what age must someone to Gove consent to being in a study?

Answer 23

16

Question 24

name the 4 BPS pillars

Answer 24

respect, competence, responsibility and integrity

Question 25

name the 6 parts of research ethics?

Answer 25

consent, deception, confidentiality, debriefing, withdrawal and protection

Question 26

a pilot test

Answer 26

a smaller test version of the actual experiment to check the investigation runs smoothly

Question 27

what are the 3 measures of central tendency?

Answer 27

mean, median and mode

Question 28

what are the 2 measures of dispersion?

Answer 28

range and standard deviation

Question 29

name the 2 control of variables?

Answer 29

confounding variables and extraneous variables

Question 30

hypothesis can be: (3 things)

Answer 30

directional, non-directional and operationalised

Question 31

naturalistic observation

Answer 31

the experiment is taking place in the natural habitat of where the behavior would usually take place

Question 32

controlled observation

Answer 32

the experiment is taking place in a controlled environment for example a lab

Question 33

covert observation

Answer 33

the participants are unaware that they are part of an experiment (under cover)

Question 34

overt observation

Answer 34

the participants are aware they are being part of an experiment and have given consent to be included

Question 35

participant observation

Answer 35

the researcher becomes part of the experiment as well as the participants

Question 36

non-participant observation

Answer 36

the researcher just watches the experiment and doesn't become involved at all

Question 37

a likert scale

Answer 37

strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree

Question 38

rank order scale

Answer 38

very entertaining 1 2 3 4 5 not entertaining at all

Question 39

checklist questions

Answer 39

tick all those that apply

Question 40

dichotomous questions

Answer 40

they only offer two answers e.g. yes/no

Question 41

semantic differential questions

Answer 41

this type of question has two bipolar terms and the participant is asked to respond by indicating a point between the two which represents there strength of feeling

Question 42

name the 6 types of ethics

Answer 42

consent, harm, confidentiality, debrief, withdraw, deception

Question 43

can you ever deceive someone?

Answer 43

yes

Question 44

whats an aim?

Answer 44

question- general purpose of study

Question 45

what are the 5 types of sampling?

Answer 45

systematic, random, stratified, volunteer and opportunity

Question 46

self reports can be a..? (2 things)

Answer 46

questionare or interview

Question 47

self report questionnaires can be (2 things)

Answer 47

open and closed

Question 48

self report interviews can be (3 things)

Answer 48

structured, semi-structured and not structured

Question 49

obervations are 3 of 6 things. what are the 6 things?

Answer 49

covert, overt, participant, nonparticipant, natural, controlled

Question 50

there are 3 types of data, they are?

Answer 50

nominal, ordinal, interval

Question 51

whats nominal data?

Answer 51

categories e.g. flavour biscuit

Question 52

whats ordinal data?

Answer 52

first to last e.g. chronological order

Question 53

what is interval data?

Answer 53

measured in fixed units e.g. temperature in centigrade

Question 54

whats the two types of order effects?

Answer 54

practice, fatigue

Question 55

what is the practice order effect?

Answer 55

this is when the same person takes the same test more than once and therefore is advantaged

Question 56

what is the fatigue order effect?

Answer 56

when the participant may be taking the test very late at night or very early in the morning or after a lack of sleep therefore cannot complete the test to the best of there ability

Question 57

what happens in a peer review?

Answer 57

the researcher completes a hypothesis and a pilot study and completes the experiment then a journalist writes the report of the experiment which is then sent to another professional checks for errors. the 3 things that can then happen to report is it can be rejected, accepted or given recommendations

Question 58

name the 5 things that peer review test for

Answer 58

publish-ability, validity, appropriate, significance and originality

Question 59

``` what does: Peer Views Are So Overrated stand for ```

Answer 59

publish-ability, validity, appropriate, significance and originality

Question 60

experiment types are? (4)

Answer 60

quazi, field, lab,natural

Question 61

what is a quazi experiment

Answer 61

the independent variable is natural

Question 62

what is a natural experiment

Answer 62

uncontrolled

Question 63

what is a lab experiment

Answer 63

controlled environment

Question 64

what is a field experiment

Answer 64

it takes place in the natural setting

Question 65

co-variables, scattergraphs, positives negatives and zero, no cause and relationships are all part of?

Answer 65

correlation