Attachment - Stages of Attachment (Key Research)

Question 1

Who conducted this key piece of research? When?

Answer 1

Schaffer and Emerson in 1964

Question 2

Aim

Answer 2

Aimed to study development of attachments

Question 3

How was this study a longitudinal study?

Answer 3

Because 60 infants from W/C families in Glasgow were observed over an 18 month period

Question 4

When were families investigated? (Not the year)

Answer 4

Once a month for 12 months than again at the 18 month mark

Question 5

What were the mothers asked to do?

Answer 5

Observe their children and keep a diary of their behaviours

Question 6

What three things did Schaffer and Emerson measure?

Answer 6

Stranger anxiety
Separation anxiety
Social referencing

Question 7

Stranger anxiety

Answer 7

Response to arrival of a stranger

Question 8

Separation anxiety

Answer 8

Distress level when separated from carer and degree of comfort needed on return to carer

Question 9

Social referencing

Answer 9

Degree that child looks at carer to check how they should respond to something new

Question 10

What percentage of infants showed separation anxiety towards an adult between 25 and 32 weeks?

Answer 10

50%

Question 11

At 40 weeks old, nearly 30% of infants formed what?

Answer 11

Multiple attachments

Question 12

What percentage of infants had multiple attachments within 1 month of forming attachment?

Answer 12

29%

Question 13

Within how many months of forming attachment did 78% of infants have multiple attachments?

Answer 13

Within 6 months

Question 14

During what ages does a child go through the asocial stage?

Answer 14

0-6 weeks

Question 15

During what ages are indiscriminate attachments formed?

Answer 15

6 weeks - 6 months

Question 16

When are multiple attachments formed?

Answer 16

10/11 months +

Question 17

During the asocial stage, what do infants produce?

Answer 17

Similar responses to objects and people

Question 18

What do children have a preference of during the asocial stage?

Answer 18

Faces/eyes

Question 19

How can you tell if an infant is asocial?

Answer 19

If many kinds of stimuli produce a favourable (positive) reaction

Question 20

What do children enjoy during the indiscriminate attachments stage?

Answer 20

Human company

Question 21

How do children during the indiscriminate attachments stage respond to different caregivers?

Answer 21

They respond equally to any caregiver

Question 22

When do children during the indiscriminate attachments stage get upset?

Answer 22

When an individual ceases to interact with them

Question 23

From 3 months, what do infants do more?

Answer 23

They smile more at familiar faces

Question 24

What do infants show a preference for during the specific attachments stage?

Answer 24

One caregiver

Question 25

What do infants look to for security, comfort and protection during the specific attachments stage?

Answer 25

A particular person

Question 26

During what stage does the infant show stranger anxiety and separation anxiety?

Answer 26

Specific attachments stage

Question 27

What does the infant become during the multiple attachments stage?

Answer 27

Increasingly independent

Question 28

What do infants form during the multiple attachments stage?

Answer 28

Several attachments with people close to them such as mum, dad, brother and sisters

Question 29

Who were infants most likely to form attachments with during the multiple attachments stage?

Answer 29

Those who responded accurately to the infant signals, not the person they spent most time with

Question 30

Rhyme for remembering

Answer 30

All Infants Say Mums