Memory - The Working Memory Model

Question 1

WMM

Answer 1

Working memory model

Question 2

What memory store is the WMM exclusive to?

Answer 2

The STM

Question 3

What does the WMM show about the STM which is different to the MSM?

Answer 3

It says out STM isn’t unitary as it is made up of different components

Question 4

4 components in our working memory according to the WMM

Answer 4

Visuospatial sketchpad (VSS)
Central executive
Phonological loop
Episodic buffer

Question 5

What type of system is the WMM?

Answer 5

An active system

Question 6

Who developed the WMM?

Answer 6

Baddeley and Hitch

Question 7

When was the WMM developed?

Answer 7

1974

Question 8

What component of the working memory wasn’t included in the original WMM?

Answer 8

The episodic buffer

Question 9

When was the episodic buffer added to the WMM?

Answer 9

In 2000

Question 10

Why was the episodic buffer added to the WMM?

Answer 10

They had faced criticisms for not including the LTM so they added it as a way of explaining the link between STM and LTM

Question 11

What were the creators of the WMM never interested in explaining which explains why they didn’t add the episodic buffer?

Answer 11

They were never interested in explaining how information is transferred from the STM to the LTM

Question 12

What is the role of the WMM?

Answer 12

To temporarily store and manipulate information being used

Question 13

What three things is the working memory fragile to?

Answer 13

Distractions
Overload
Overwork

Question 14

Who carried out the Dual Task experiment?

Answer 14

Baddeley

Question 15

If your working memory is using multiple subsystems from the same component, what will happen to processing?

Answer 15

It will slow down

Question 16

Why will processing slow down if the working memory is using a different subsystem of the same component?

Answer 16

Because each thing you’re trying to do is competing for the same resources (due to limited capacity)

Question 17

When can you perform two tasks at the same time?

Answer 17

If you are using different components of the WMM

Question 18

Procedure of Baddeley’s Dual Task experiment

Answer 18

Participants asked to repeatedly say ‘la’ when reading a particular extract. After this they were asked to tell the researcher what they had just read

Question 19

Results of Baddeley’s Dual Task experiment

Answer 19

Participants could not tell the researcher what they had just read

Question 20

CE

Answer 20

Central executive

Question 21

What is the CE in charge of?

Answer 21

The STM

Question 22

Where does every bit of information that goes into the CE come from?

Answer 22

The 5 senses (similar to sensory register)

Question 23

Role of the CE

Answer 23

Process information and then send it to one of the 2 subsystems

Question 24

Capacity of CE

Answer 24

Limited capacity

Question 25

Result of a damaged CE

Answer 25

Might mean that new STMs cannot be processed

Question 26

What does the CE allow us to switch attention between?

Answer 26

Switch attention between tasks

Question 27

VSS

Answer 27

Visuospatial sketchpad

Question 28

Another name for the VSS

Answer 28

The inner eye

Question 29

Capacity of the VSS

Answer 29

Limited capacity

Question 30

What information does the VSS deal with?

Answer 30

Visual information

Question 31

Examples of visual information

Answer 31

An image of something Spatial awareness Planning a route

Question 32

What type of system is the VSS?

Answer 32

A subsystem

Question 33

PL

Answer 33

Phonological loop

Question 34

What is the PL made up of?

Answer 34

The inner voice and inner ear

Question 35

What type of system is the PL?

Answer 35

A subsystem

Question 36

What type of information enters the inner ear?

Answer 36

Speech-based information

Question 37

Where does information enter the inner ear via?

Answer 37

The CE

Question 38

How does information enter the inner ear?

Answer 38

By sub-vocal repetition

Question 39

Where does sub-vocal repetition of information take place?

Answer 39

In the inner ear

Question 40

What type of information is reading information?

Answer 40

Speech-based information - NOT VISUAL INFORMATION

Question 41

Duration of information in the PL

Answer 41

Up to 2 seconds

Question 42

What process allows information to enter the LTM?

Answer 42

Sub-vocal repetition

Question 43

Which case study supports the WMM?

Answer 43

The KF case study

Question 44

What did KF suffer from?

Answer 44

A brain injury as a result of a motorcycle accident

Question 45

What did KF not have problems with as a result of his brain injury?

Answer 45

His LTM

Question 46

Who carried out the KF case study?

Answer 46

Warrington and Shallice

Question 47

What was KFs ST forgetting of auditory letters and digits (things that he heard) much greater than?

Answer 47

His forgetting of visual stimuli (things that he saw)

Question 48

What was KFs STM deficit limited to?

Answer 48

Verbal materials

Question 49

What could KF remember and what couldn’t KF remember?

Answer 49

Could remember meaningful sounds but couldn’t remember words

Question 50

What about the KF case study showed that there are separate STM components for the VSS and PL?

Answer 50

The fact that his memory of visual information was largely unaffected

Question 51

Positive evaluation for WMM: dual task experiment

Answer 51

It was conducted in a lab (highly controlled conditions) meaning extraneous variables could be controlled to establish a cause-and-effect relationship

Question 52

Positive evaluation for WMM: KF

Answer 52

Only some aspects of his STM were damaged which supports WMM as KF showed STM has different components

Question 53

Positive evaluation for WMM: detail

Answer 53

WMM more detailed than MSM

Question 54

Negative evaluation of WMM: trivial tasks

Answer 54

In dual task experiment participants asked to repeatedly say ‘la’ when reading an extract. This experiment is not something people do on everyday life so therefore the validity of the findings is decreased

Question 55

Negative evaluation of WMM: dual task experiment conducted in lab

Answer 55

Means research may lack ecological validity

Question 56

Negative evaluation of WMM: vagueness of WMM

Answer 56

Vague about central executive and relationship of STM with LTM