attending and spatial brain

Question 1

location on the retina

Answer 1

retinocentric space

Question 2

location of object relative to body

Answer 2

egocentric space

Question 3

location of object relative to eathother

Answer 3

allocentric space

Question 4

cross-modal perception

Answer 4

• integrate info from different senses - using attention

Question 5

attention

Answer 5

process by which certain information is selected for further processing and other info is discarded

Question 6

attention selection based on

Answer 6

• relevance

- importance to current goals

Question 7

attention spotlight metaphor

Answer 7

spotlight moves from location to location and zooms in and out

Question 8

location of attention is the same as fixation - true or false

Answer 8

false - can look out corner of eye

though it is a natural tendency

Question 9

externally guided by a stimulus

Answer 9

exogenous control

Question 10

externally guided by a stimulus

Answer 10

exogenous control

Question 11

inhibition of return

Answer 11

slowing of speed of processing when going back to previously attended location

Question 12

Posner (1980) - exogenous control

Answer 12

Ps had to press button when saw red target - every now and then given spatial cue
if cue was within 150s of target - faster at detecting target
if cue was after 150s - slower as if wait fro target attention is deployed to other areas - inhibition of return

Question 13

internally guided by a stimulus

Answer 13

endogenous control

Question 14

visual search

Answer 14

endogenous control

scanning environment for something you are looking for

Question 15

Mitroff and Biggs (2013) - airport scanner game

Answer 15

• when forbidden items rare - bad at finding them
• when forbidden items common - better
  some people good when rare - should be hired for this job - interview process?

Question 16

flat efficient / parallel search

Answer 16

when 1 feature different
find immediately
does matter on number of items or display size

Question 17

steep inefficient / serial search

Answer 17

when 2 features different
have to scan more
depends upon distractors

Question 18

feature integration theory (FIT)

Answer 18

if object has unique perceptual feature - pops out
- detected without attention

if object shares perceptual features - attention is needed

Question 19

where pathway

Answer 19

dorsal

Question 20

what pathway

Answer 20

ventral

Question 21

2 attention related networks

Answer 21

• dorso-dorsal network

- ventro-dorsal stream

Question 22

dorso-dorsal network

Answer 22

internal deployment of attention

• lateral parietal areas
  superior parietal globule and frontal eye fields

Question 23

ventro-dorsal stream

Answer 23

external deployment of attention

temporal parietal junction (right side) and ventral frontal cortex

Question 24

pseudo neglect

Answer 24

tendency to neglect the RIGHT side

right parietal lobe = richer representation of space (left and some right)
left parietal lobe = impoverished representation of space (mostly right)

Question 25

what is neglect

Answer 25

when patients fail to be aware of one side of space

Question 26

other names for neglect

Answer 26

unilateral neglect spatial neglect hemispatial neglect

Question 27

when is neglect most prominent

Answer 27

following damage to right hemisphere | - as richer representation of space

Question 28

neuroanatomy of neglect

Answer 28

parietal (right/frontal) lobe | mort et al (2003) - lesion overlap study - common damage in right angular gyrus

Question 29

is neglect just visual (true/false)

Answer 29

false - can be auditory/somatosensory

Question 30

clinical tests of neglect

Answer 30

- line bisection - cancellation - drawing

Question 31

perceptual vs representational neglect

Answer 31

``` perceptual = cant perceive 1 half of space representation = remember half the scene - memory ```

Question 32

near vs far neglect

Answer 32

near = line bisection with pen and paper impaired far = line bisection on projection on wall impaired BUT - if hold long stick not impaired - extension of body

Question 33

personal vs peripersonal neglect

Answer 33

``` personal = body neglect peripersonal = infront neglect ```

Question 34

within vs between object neglect

Answer 34

within = object-based neglect - neglect half of each object - superior temporal gyrus between = space-based neglect - neglect objects on one half of space - angular gyrus

Question 35

spatial vs object neglect

Answer 35

spatial = axis-based neglect - cant detect differences in left side even when fall in right side

Question 36

does neglect affect low-level perception

Answer 36

no

Question 37

can neglect patients detect object when cued there?

Answer 37

yes | still have active occipital lobes for info not aware of

Question 38

visual extinction

Answer 38

perceptual representation are competing for attention | - when present 2 stimuli presented simultaneously to left and right = left neglected

Question 39

what happens to neglected info?

Answer 39

burning house experiment | - still implicitly code neglected info

Question 40

rehabilitation of neglect techniques

Answer 40

prism glasses - shift entire view to left - if worn over some time can produce long-lasting improvements

Question 41

spatial memory

Answer 41

hippocampus = important in memorising space and navigation | - london taxi cab study

Question 42

where is representation of space stored

Answer 42

parietal lobes

Question 43

Green and Bevelier (2003) - video game

Answer 43

- Ps who played action video game over non-action video game = better at detecting contrast sensitivity better at visual search better at mental rotation

Question 44

brain differences in action videogamers

Answer 44

brain areas involved in attention = fewer activations | as more efficient

Question 45

test used a lot for children with ADHD

Answer 45

TOVA - test of variables of attention

Question 46

what does TOVA measure

Answer 46

impulsivity and sustained attention

Question 47

video gamers and TOVA

Answer 47

significantly faster sustained attention and impulsivity and accuracy was good.

Question 48

video games keeping mental decline at bay

Answer 48

``` anguera et al (2013) - multitasking neuroracer when did 2 tasks at once old Ps - faster WM - TOVA better - multitasking as good at 20 YOs - theta coherence as good as young Ps - posterior areas as well connected to prefrontal areas as young Ps ```