remembering brain 2 Flashcards
working memory
information currently in mind is manipulated
decision making and goal-directed behaviour relies on WM
Baddeley’s model of working memory components
separate STM stores central executive - controls slave systems visuospatial sketchpad phonological loop - verbal episodic buffer - later addition
episodic buffer
later addition
slave system to central executive
retains episodic info from LTM for limited time - e.g., social rules
central executive
refreshes info in the stores and manipulates that info
in prefrontal cortex
phonological store brain region
parietal lobe
phonological loop and visuospatial sketch pad are __ (independent/cooperative)
behavioural and brain scan evidence
independent
if do 2 tasks involved one = worse
verbal = left hemisphere
visuospatial = right hemisphere
digit span test
read back numbers
increase by 1
stop when 2 mistakes in a row
make harder - read out backwards
operation span
maths equations between words recall words dual task predicts verbal abilities in reading comprehension - make harder - harder maths Qs
capacity of phonological STM
Milner (1956) - 5-9 items - chunking
other claim lower - around 4
why is chunking critisised
required LTM
less capacity for longer words - not chunking
span length = lower for phonologically similar words - capacity = based on phonological characteristics
factor which may limit span of verbal STM =
opportunity to rehearse
when hold word in mind and mouth irrelevant speech - WM capacity = lower
components of phonological loop
phonological store
rehearsal system
brain locations of components of phonological loop
phonological store = left supramarginal gyrus (inferior parietal lobe)
rehearsal system = broca’s areas (inferior frontal cortex)
models of visuospatial STM capacity
slot model
resource model
slot model
small number of memory slots
each responsible for storing a single visual object with fixed precision
resource model
no upper limit
additional items = less precise memory for the array
additional support over slot model
Luck and Vogel - supporting slot model
Ps able to retain info for 4 objects
able to retain 16 individual features - provided distributed across the 4 objects
bays, catalao and hussain - evidence for resource model
the more items held in memory the less precisely each could be recalled
neural correlates of visuospatial STM
- face information
fusiform face area
neural correlates of visuospatial STM
- place information
parahippocampal place area
what happens to WM in delay period
even though info not visible - engaged brain regions that usually represent this info
brain region with critical role in WM tasks
prefrontal cortex
delay response task - PFC in WM
PFC lesions affect performance in retaining food location info
- no damage with associative memory task - specific to PFC
response of PFC neurons
hold info in WM
sustained activation during delay period
same neurons active for different tasks
