Attention Flashcards by jnauman@tulane.edu Nauman

Main take away from covert direction of attention: fixate on central point?

Attention not sensory, change what brain is aware of.

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Donder’s Mental Chronometry

RT simple - RT complex = mental operation

overly simplistic, but on the right track

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Reaction time process

Retina –> LGN –> V1 (primary visual) –> V2/V4 –> inferior temporal/prefrontal cortex –> premotor cortex –> primary motor cortex – >spinal cord –> output

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Ventral stream

V2/V4, visual to temporal lobe

OBJECT RECOGNITION

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Dorsal Stream

SPATIAL

V2 –> Secondary somatosensory cortex of parietal lobe –> prefrontal

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Prefrontal cortex

plans sequence of movement

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Basal ganglia/cerebellum

modulate movement, strength, timing, and accuracy

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How do you measure voluntary (top-down, Endogenously)

Symbolic cuing, faster RT if cue actually symbolic

Slower, but maintained longer

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How do you measure reflexive (bottom-up, exogenously)

Peripheral cuing, shows inhibition of return with longer delays around ~300ms

Faster, moves quickly

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Treisman and Gelade

Feature search (1) and conjunction search (2+)
Conjunction is longer
RT function of # object in the array

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Temporal resolution: How

EEG

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Spatial resolution: Where

fMRI

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ERP: remember…

negative is ABOVE the line

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negative ~100ms

selectively attended stimuli

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positive ~300-500ms

higher order AUDITORY processing and late selective attention

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positive, ~70-100ms
VISUAL input
invalid trials in symbolic cuing: no P1 effect
P1 reduced during inhibition of return

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Early ERP signals

bottom-up (Spatial cues)

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Late ERP signals

top-down (arrow)

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Visual search where green square in middle and red line on the side

N2pc

Shows seeking/attending to visual stimulus augments activity of CONTRALATERAL visual areas

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Visual search with green square and red line on side

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Pd- distractor positivity

needed to ignore distractors

fMRI Spatial cuing task:

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2 locations? 2 areas light up

Superior colliculi/LGN

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attentional selection, likes motion

If impaired, worse inhibition of return

Fusiform face area

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faces

Parahippocampal

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places

The 3 ways attention can change rate of neuron firing

1. increase rate of firing 2. Tuning sharpened 3. tuning shifted

Desimone and Moran's monkey

measure neuron firing, high when red bar, moves to green, decreased. ATTENTION SHIFTING could be DECREASE in neural activity.

What did experiment with neuron receptive field in visual cortex with Dimond and circle show?

Cell's receptive field retuned by attentional processes. | Attentional shifting = tuning and decrease in receptive field

___ drives attention shifting/filters distractors

Pulvinar GABA agonist = worse covert attention GABA antagonist= enhances covert attention

Cognitive control over attention

Dorsal frontoparietal

Intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in humans

controls voluntary top-down attention Such as LIP in monkeys, which has priority map, and ventral lip for direction attention/dorsal LIP for eye movement planning

Frontal Eye fields

directs eye gaze to cognitive goals

Temporoparietal junction

Shifts attention to new location AFTER target onset ALTERTING SIGNAL (for unexpected)

involuntary attention more to the

right

connections between TPJ and IPS provide means for

novel stimuli to interrupt and reorganize attentional priorities

Hemispatial neglect is here? Why?

similar damage to attention areas | right inferior parietal lesion- can't see double nature of simuli

Baliant's syndrome and the symptoms

1. Oculomotor apraxia-difficulty voluntarily steering visual gaze to target 2. Optic Ataxia- spatial disorientation, patient can't reach for object with visual guidance 3. Simultagnosia- restriction of attention, limited to single feature

Diminished conciousness

reduced activity of frontoparietal network

Claustrum

not seat of consciousness, but a lot of reciprocal connections, stimulating it cuts it off, part of circuit

Free will/awareness of your actions

just before pressing, button, you decide what to do before hand. Brain is predictor

Hierarchal cognitive control

ability to direct short term activities while keeping longer term goals in mind

Dysexecutive

DORSOLATERAL poor judgment, planning, insight, temporal organization, cognitive persistence, motor defects, diminished self-care

Disinhibited

ORBITOFRONTAL stimulus driven behavior, diminished social insight, distractability

Apathetic

MEDIOFRONTAL diminished spontaneity, diminished verbal output/motor, increase response latency, spontaneous activity,

Cool areas without damaging: Delay to match sample

Delay to match sample: sample, delay, sample/novel. Longer delay, worse you do. Prefrontal cooled? do a lot worse, parietal is fine

Cool areas without damaging: Delay response

spatial- same letter, pick one that occurs in the same spot still prefrontal

Tests for attention: Stroop

Color words INHIBITORY CONTROL

Tests for attention: Wisconsin Card sort

Rule change FRONTAL LESIONS= Struggle in task shift

Tests for attention: Tower of London

planning and strategizing

Norman and Shalice model

Habitual, but also interference from executive. | Mostly habitual, way that executive interacts is through GABA/inhibitory connections

Attention Flashcards

(49 cards)