AUBF (reagent strip) Flashcards by LEDESMA, Anne Gelika

reading time: BILIRUBIN

multistix: 30s
chemstrip: 60s

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Principle: BILIRUBIN

Diazo reaction

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Multistix sensitivity: BILIRUBIN

0.4-0.8 mg/dL

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Chemstrip sensitivity: BILIRUBIN

0.5 mg/dL

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Multistix reagent: BILIRUBIN

2,4 - Dichloroaniline diazoniun salt

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Chemstrip reagent: BILIRUBIN

2,6 - Dichlorobenzene diazoniun salt

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BILIRUBIN RXN

bilirubin glucuronide + diazonium salt
—(acid)—> azodye

dichloroaniline end-color: tan
dichlorobenzene end-color: pink-violet

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type of bilirubin that appears in urine

conjugated

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Associated with BILIRUBINURIA

hepatitis
cirrhosis
gallstones
carcinoma

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correlation to BILIRUBIN

urobilinogen

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false (+) sources of BILIRUBIN

• pigmented spx
• Phenazopyridine (gives yellow-orange color)
• Lodine metabolites
• Indican (intestinal disorder)

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False (–) BILIRUBIN

• Light exposure (photo oxidized to biliverdin that does not react with Diazo)
• Ascorbic acid (>25 mg/dL)
• Inc. urine concentration
• Old spx
• Bilirubin hydrolysis to diglucoronide —> free bilirubin
• Nitrite (attaches to diazonium salt)

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Confirmatory test for Bilirubin

Ictotest tablets
Result (+): blue —> purple color

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screening test for DM

glucose chem strip

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elevated glucose level

hyperglycemia

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glucose renal threshold

160-180 mg/dL
(blood level at which tubular reabsorption stops)

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fluctuating blood glucose level on a NONFASTING normal person after a meal

glycosuria

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fasting spx required

2nd morning specimen

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hyperglycemia during pregnancy

gestational diabetes

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glycosuria in absence of hyperglycemia during malfunction in reabsorption of glucose by renal tubules

renal glycosuria

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GLUCOSE reading time

30s

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GLUCOSE principle

Double sequential enzymatic rxn
(glucose oxidase, peroxidase)

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Glucose multistix sensitivity

75-125 mg/dL

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Glucose Chemstrip sensitivity

40 mg/dL

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reagents for GLU multistix end color

glu oxidase, peroxidase POTASSIUM IODIDE (green to brown)

reagents for GLU chemstrip end color

glu oxidase, peroxidase TETRAMETHYLBENZIDINE (yellow to green)

other examples of chromogens for glu rxn

clinistix: O-toluidine (pink—> purple) aminopropyl-carbazol (yellow —> orange-brown)

correlation to GLUCOSE

ketone protein

false (+) GLUCOSE

• oxidizing agents (contaminated cont with peroxide) • detergents

false (–) GLUCOSE

• Increased Ascorbic acid, SG, Ketones • Decreased temp. • Improperly preserved spx standing at RT

remedy for increased ascorbic acid causing false neg GLUCOSE

iodate

represents 3 intermediate products of fat metabolism

ketones

Ketones reading time

40s

Ketones principle

Sodium nitroprusside (nitroferricyanide) rxn

Ketones multistix sensitivity

5-10 mg/dL (acetoacetic acid)

Ketones chemstrip sensitivity

9 mg/dL (acetoacetic acid) 70 mg/dL (acetone)

Ketones multistix reagent

Sodium nitroprusside (detects acetoacetic acid)

Ketones chemstrip reagent

Sodium nitroprusside + GLYCINE (detects acetoacetic acid + acetone)

early indicator of insufficient dosage in type 1 diabetes

ketones

correlated to ketones

glucose

false (+) KETONES

• Levodopa • Sulfhydril medications (Mercaptoethane sulfonate sodium [MESNA] and Captopril) • Phthalein dyes • Pigmented spx • Improperly timed reading

False (–) KETONES

Improperly preserved spx causing volatilization of acetone and acetoacetic acid

SG reading time

45s

SG principle

pKa (dissociation constant) changes of polyelectrolyte in ALKALINE medium

SG sensitivity

1.000-1.030

color if SG is 1.000

blue (alk)

color if SG is 1.030

yellow (acid)

intermediate color if SG is betw. 1.000-1.030

shades of GREEN

SG Multistix reagent

Poly (methylvinylether/maleic anhydride) Indicator: bromthymol blue

SG Chemstrip reagent

Ethyleneglycol diaminoethylether tetraacetic acid Indicator: bromthymol blue

T/F Spx with pH of 6.5 or higher have decreased readings caused by interference with bromthymol blue

False (+) SG

increased PROTEIN conc.

False (–) SG

highly alkaline urine (equal or > pH 6.5)

what is recommended if the pH of urine is equal or > pH 6.5 that may cause decreased SG readings?

add 0.005 to SG

reagent for pH

Methyl red Bromthymol blue

pH MULTISTIX sensitivity

5.0 to 8.5 in 0.5 increments

pH CHEMSTRIP sensitivity

5.0 to 9.0 in 1.0 increments

Sources of error/ interference for pH

No known interfering substances Run-over from adjacent pads (close to protein pad - highly acidic) Old specimens

pH is correlated with these tests

Nitrite Leukocytes Microscopic

MULTISTIX reagent for protein

Tetrabromophenol blue

CHEMSTRIP reagent for protein

3’,3’’,5’,5’’-tetrachlorophenol 3,4,5,6-tetrabromosulfophthalein

Protein MULTISTIX sensitivity

15 to 30 mg/dL albumin

Protein CHEMSTRIP sensitivity

6 mg/dL albumin

False (+) protein

Highly buffered interference alkaline urine Pigmented specimens, phenazopyridine Quaternary ammonium compounds (detergents) Antiseptics, chlorhexidine Loss of buffer from prolonged exposure of the strip to the specimen reagent High specific gravity

False (-) protein

Proteins other than albumin Microalbuminuria

Tests correlated with protein

Nitrite Leukocytes Microscopic

MULTISTIX reagent for glucose

Glucose oxidase Peroxidase Potassium iodide

CHEMSTRIP reagent for glucose

Glucose oxidase Peroxidase Tetramethylbenzidine

MULTISTIX reagent for blood

Diisopropylbenzene dihydroperoxide 3,3’,5,5’- tetramethylbenzidine

CHEMSTRIP reagent for blood

Dimethyldihydroperoxy-hexane Tetramethylbenzidine

Parameters affected by ascorbic acid causing FALSE NEG

Blood Bilirubin Leukocytes Nitrite Glucose

Tests correlated with Blood

Protein Microscopic

MULTISTIX reagent for urobilinogen

p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde

CHEMSTRIP reagent for urobilinogen

4-methoxybenzene-diazonium- tetrafluoroborate

Urobilinogen MULTISTIX sensitivity

0.2 mg/dL urobilinogen

Urobilinogen CHEMSTRIP sensitivity

0.4 mg/dL urobilinogen

MULTISTIX reagent for nitrite

p-arsanilic acid Tetrahydrobenzo(h)-quinolin-3-ol

CHEMSTRIP reagent for nitrite

Sulfanilamide, hydroxytetrahydro benzoquinoline

MULTISTIX reagent for LE

Derivatized pyrrole amino acid ester Diazonium salt

CHEMSTRIP reagent for LE

Indoxylcarbonic acid ester Diazonium salt

reagent for Ascorbic acid

2,6-dichlorophenolindopheno

pH principle

double indicator system of methyl red and bromothymol blue

protein principle

protein (sorensen’s) error of indicator

blood principle

pseudoperoxidase activity of Hgb

urobilinogen principle

ehrlich’s rxn

nitrite principle

greiss rxn

LE principle

ascorbic acid principle

reduces a dye in the pad, causing color change BLUE —> ORANGE

blood stip results speckled blue: ? uniform blue: ?

speckled blue: intact RBC (hematuria) - cloudy red urine uniform blue: hgb and myoglobin (hemoglobinuria) - clear red urine

AUBF (reagent strip) Flashcards

(89 cards)