Audition (Hearing)

Question 1

Audition

Answer 1

Act, sense, or power of hearing sound

Question 2

Sound

Answer 2

Series of pressure waves in air

Question 3

Frequency; How is it measured?

Answer 3

of waves

Measured in Hertz (Hz) or Kilohertz (kHz)
# of waves

Question 4

High pitch = _________ frequency

Answer 4

High

Question 5

Intensity; How is it measured?

Answer 5

Amplitude/height of waves; Measured in decibels (dB)

Question 6

Auricle

Answer 6

Pinna of ear; funnels soundwaves to inner ear

Question 7

External auditory meatus

Answer 7

Connects auricle with eardrum; carries sound to eardrum

Question 8

What substance does the external auditory meatus contain?

Answer 8

Cerumen (earwax)

Question 9

Tympanic membrane

Answer 9

The eardrum; vibrates in response to sound waves

Question 10

Middle ear is an air filled cavity with ________________

Answer 10

three bones

Question 11

Oval window

Answer 11

Brings vibrations from ossicles to inner ear

Question 12

Round window

Answer 12

Pushed out in response to inner ear waves

Question 13

What are the three bones in the ear?

Answer 13

1. Malleus (hammer)
2. Incus (Anvil)
3. Stapes (stirrup)

Question 14

These bones vibrate when the ___________ moves

Answer 14

eardrum

Question 15

Inner ear is filled with fluid or air?

Answer 15

Fluid

Question 16

Cochlea

Answer 16

hearing; a long coiled tube; looks like a snail

Question 17

What are the three channels in the cochlea

Answer 17

1. top tube (Scala Vestibule)
2. middle tube (Scala tympani)
3. bottom tube (Scala media)

Question 18

Scala vestibule

Answer 18

Connects to oval window

Question 19

Scala tympani

Answer 19

Connects to round window

Question 20

Scala media

Answer 20

Holds the organ of corti

Question 21

Organ of Corti

Answer 21

Hair cells that change waves to electrical signals

Question 22

Hair Cells

Answer 22

Sensory receptors for sound

Question 23

Stereocilia

Answer 23

Stick out of top of cells

Question 24

What connects stereocilia to other stereocilia?

Answer 24

Tip links

Question 25

What type of gate channel is a tip link bound to?

Answer 25

Mechanical gated channels

Question 26

Endolymph

Answer 26

Surrounds the hair cells

Question 27

Perilymph

Answer 27

Surrounds the hair cell BODY

Question 28

Endolymph has a ___________ K+ ECF, while perilymph has a ____________ K+ ECF

Answer 28

High; Low

Question 29

Signal transduction

Answer 29

Changing waves to electrical impulses

Question 30

Does K+ enter or leave the cell through the mechanically gated tip links?

Answer 30

Enter

Question 31

Do hair cells send action potentials?

Answer 31

NO, only graded potentials

Question 32

Does K+ depolarize or repolarize the cell?

Answer 32

It does both!

Question 33

K+ entering the cell body depolarizes cell, opening the ____________

Answer 33

Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels

Question 34

The Intracellular calcium stimulates and releases what NT?

Answer 34

Excitatory glutamate

Question 35

K+ enters the cell from the endolymph because it is _______ in the ECF

Answer 35

High

Question 36

K+ exits the cell into the perilymph because of the ______________

Answer 36

Concentration gradient; high ICF concentration

Question 37

High pitch = _______ frequency

Answer 37

High

Question 38

Increasing the intensity means we increase the __________ of waves

Answer 38

amplitude

Question 39

Apex is _______ & ________

Answer 39

Thick and floppy

Question 40

Base is _________ & ___________

Answer 40

Thin and stiff

Question 41

Base is for _____ frequencies

Answer 41

High

Question 42

Apex is for ______ frequencies

Answer 42

Low

Question 43

The activation of the basilar membrane depends on the ____________________

Answer 43

different frequencies in use

Question 44

Trigeminal Ganglion

Answer 44

Cell bodies of neurons for head/neck/mouth

Question 45

Bilateral integration is important for ____________________________

Answer 45

Sound localization

Question 46

The pathway from the auditory nerve to the temporal lobe in brain (6)

Answer 46

1. Same side ventral cochlear nucleus 2. Bilateral superior olivary complex 3. Lateral lemniscus 4. Inferior colliculus 5. Medial geniculate body 6. Superior temporal gyrus

Question 47

What part of the brain is the MGN located in?

Answer 47

Thalamus

Question 48

What part of the brain is the Superior temporal gyrus in?

Answer 48

Temporal lobe

Question 49

How is the A1 organized?

Answer 49

tonotopically; There are special spaces for different frequencies