Sense of taste (gustation)

Question 1

What comes first in gustation?

Answer 1

Food chemicals must be dissolved

Question 2

Papillae

Answer 2

Projections made up of many taste buds

Question 3

Taste buds contain taste cells called

Answer 3

Tastants

Question 4

Tastant cells do what two things

Answer 4

1. Identify concentrations + quality of food
2. Prep GI tract

Question 5

Taste cells are specialized for

Answer 5

Sensory transduction

Question 6

Basal cells are used for

Answer 6

taste stem cells- replaced every 10 days

Question 7

Taste cells contain

Answer 7

Vesicles filled with NTs

Question 8

The taste system detects 5 perceptually distinct categories of tastants. What are they?

Answer 8

1. Salt
2. Sour
3. Sweet
4. Bitter
5. Umami

Question 9

Salt

Answer 9

metallic ions;NaCl

Question 10

Sour

Answer 10

H+; acidity

Question 11

Sweet

Answer 11

Sugar/Glucose

Question 12

Bitter

Answer 12

Alkaloid

Question 13

Umami

Answer 13

Savory/Meaty (Glutamate)

Question 14

Is taste segregated in different places on the tongue?

Answer 14

NO; Each taste bud contains taste cells that have receptors for multiple flavors

Question 15

Many bitter compounds are ________________

Answer 15

Poisonous

Question 16

The possibility of poisonous bitter compounds have a

Answer 16

Lower threshold than others

Question 17

T1 receptors bind ______; ionotropic or metabotropic

Answer 17

Things like glutamate; metabotropic

Question 18

T2 receptors bind ____________; ionotropic or metabotropic

Answer 18

Glucose/sugars; metabotropic

Question 19

T2 Membrane receptors bind _______; ionotropic or metabotropic

Answer 19

Bitter solutions; metabotropic

Question 20

ENaC membrane receptors bind ________; ionotropic or metabotropic

Answer 20

Sodium; ionotropic

Question 21

PkD2L cell receptors bind ___________; ionotropic or metabotropic

Answer 21

Sour; ionotropic

Question 22

When receptors are depolarized.

Answer 22

they release NTs

Question 23

G-proteins in T1 and T2 activate

Answer 23

an increase in concentration of IP3

Question 24

IP3 in cells increases

Answer 24

intracellular Ca2+

Question 25

An increase in intracellular Ca2+ _______________

Answer 25

Opens the TRP Ca2+ channel, depolarizing the cell

Question 26

What are the 3 major receptor nerves that innervate the tongue?

Answer 26

1.Facial nerve CN7 2. Glossopharyngeal CN9 3. Vagus CN10

Question 27

Facial nerve is in charge of what quadrant of the tongue

Answer 27

Front 2/3

Question 28

Glossopharyngeal nerve is in charge of what quadrant of the tongue

Answer 28

Back 1/3

Question 29

Vagus nerve is in charge of what quadrant of the tongue

Answer 29

Esophagus

Question 30

These three nerves synapse onto Specific parts in what part of the brain

Answer 30

Solitary nucleus in Medulla Oblaganta

Question 31

From the solitary nucleus, taste info transfers to the

Answer 31

Ventral Posteromedial nucleus (VPM)

Question 32

From the VPM, info goes into the

Answer 32

Gustatory cortex

Question 33

Where is the gustatory cortex located

Answer 33

Insula in temporal lobe