Auditory

Question 1

What innervates the Hair Cells of the inner ear?

Answer 1

CN VIII

Question 2

What structure in the ear does Branchial Pouch 1 form?

Answer 2

The middle ear and the auditory sapce

Question 3

What structure of the ear does branchial cleft 1 form?

Answer 3

External auditory acoustic meatus

Question 4

Which ossicles does branchial arch 1 form?

Answer 4

Malleus and Incus

Question 5

Which ossicles does branchial arch 2 form?

Answer 5

stapes

Question 6

What does the otic placode give rise to?

Answer 6

Hair cell receptors and the ganglion cells of CN VIII

Question 7

What innervates the Outer eardrum?

Answer 7

V3, VII, and X

Question 8

What innervates the inner eardrum

Answer 8

IX

Question 9

What is the range of human hearing?

Answer 9

20Hz to 20,000Hz

Question 10

What is Prebicusis?

Answer 10

The high frequency side of hearing is affected by aging

Question 11

Where is conversational speech located in the Hearing Sensitivity Range?

Answer 11

In the middle

Question 12

What innervates the lining of the middle ear?

Answer 12

CN IX (tympanic)

Question 13

What branch of VII runs through the middle ear and what nerve does it give off?

Answer 13

Facial; Chordae tympani

Question 14

What two muscles attach to the ossicles and what are they innervated by?

Answer 14

Tensor tympani (5)–> malleus and Stapedius muscle (7)–> stapes

Question 15

What is the efferent arm of the auditory reflex?

Answer 15

CN V and VII (CNs that innervate the muscles that move the ossicles)

Question 16

What is the function of the ossicles?

Answer 16

amplify and transfer the sound pressure wave to the fluid of the inner ear

Question 17

The attachment of the malleus to the eardrum is _______ (size) compared to the attachment of the stapes to the oval window

Answer 17

21x larger

Question 18

What is the significance of the lever arm of the malleus being longer than that of the incus?

Answer 18

Increases the pressure the stapes applies to the oval window by 1.3x

Question 19

How many times does the membranous duct turn in humans?

Answer 19

2.5x

Question 20

What is the helicotrema?

Answer 20

It connects the scala vestibule and scala tympani

Question 21

The scala media is filled with _____, which is composed of _____

Answer 21

endolymph; high in K and low in Ca and Na

Question 22

What secretes endolymph?

Answer 22

Stria vascularis

Question 23

Where do the auditory hair cell sit?

Answer 23

on the basilar membrane and underneath the tectorial membrane

Question 24

What activates the hair cells?

Answer 24

The tectorial membrane

Question 25

The base of the basilar membrane vibrates with ____ frequencies

Answer 25

High

Question 26

The apex of the basilar membrane vibrates with ____ frequencies

Answer 26

low

Question 27

What initiates the bending of the steriocilia?

Answer 27

the up and down movement of the basilar membrane

Question 28

There are ___ rows of outer hair cells and ____ rows of inner hair cells

Answer 28

3;1

Question 29

95% of the auditory nerve fibers innervate the _____ hair cells

Answer 29

inner

Question 30

Where do the auditory nerve cells terminate?

Answer 30

cochlear nucleus

Question 31

which hair cells are myelinated?

Answer 31

Inner

Question 32

Which hair cells actively change their length?

Answer 32

outer

Question 33

What is the function of the outer hair cells?

Answer 33

amplify the vibration and enhance the stimulation of the inner hair cells

Question 34

The output of the cochlea is _____ and they have their cells bodies in ____

Answer 34

auditory nerve fibers; auditory/spiral ganglion

Question 35

Cells of the cochlear nucleus project bilaterally to the nuclei of the pons known as ______ via the _______ pathway

Answer 35

Superior oliver; trapezoid

Question 36

Outputs from the cochlear nucleus and the superior olive are bilateral and converge on ____

Answer 36

the inferior colliculus

Question 37

Cells in the auditory thalamus will respond to sounds from one/both ear(s)

Answer 37

both

Question 38

Where is wernicke's area

Answer 38

Left side of the brain behind the secondary auditory complex

Question 39

What will be the result of a lesion in Wernicke's area?

Answer 39

Problem with language comprehension--> patients can't understand questions and speech has a normal rhythm but is meaningless

Question 40

What will be the result of a lesion in Broca's area?

Answer 40

They will have problems with language production--> so they will understand speech but not be able to produce speech

Question 41

What will be the result of a lesion in the arcute fibers?

Answer 41

Can't repeat heard phrases

Question 42

What is the Weber Test?

Answer 42

Place the vibrating fork on a midline bony prominence to stimulate the hair cells directly via bone conduction

Question 43

If the Weber test finds that sound is louder in the good ear, it means it is a ______ problem

Answer 43

Sensorineural

Question 44

If the Weber test finds that sound is louder in the bar ear, it means it is a ______ problem

Answer 44

Conduction

Question 45

The Rhinne test is used for ______ hearing loss

Answer 45

conductive

Question 46

What is the Rinne Test?

Answer 46

You place the tuning fork on the mastoid process and the patient indicates when they can't hear it anymore and then they indicate if they can hear it through air conduction

Question 47

What causes Tinnitus?

Answer 47

damage to the hair cels/ CN VIII nerve

Question 48

What is Meniere's disease?

Answer 48

A disorder of the inner ear cause by abnormal volume/composition of fluid