Vision

Question 1

T/F The sclera is continuous with the sheath of the optic nerve

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What is the major refractor of light in the eye?

Answer 2

air:corneal tear film

Question 3

The lens changes shape to change _______

Answer 3

The refractive power of the eye

Question 4

What is the anterior chamber?

Answer 4

the space between the cornea and the iris; filed with aqueous humor

Question 5

What is the posterior chamber?

Answer 5

area between the iris and the lens; filled with aqueous humor

Question 6

What is aqueous humor?

Answer 6

Clear fluid that provides nourishment and immunocomponents to the avascular cornea and lens and maintain the inflated shape of the eye

Question 7

what produces the aqueous humor?

Answer 7

The ciliary body

Question 8

What are zonule fibers?

Answer 8

They suspended the lens from the cilary body

Question 9

The normal eye is focused on distance or near vision?

Answer 9

Distance

Question 10

What is accommodation?

Answer 10

The process by which we can alter the shape and therefore the refractive power of the lens to focus on a closer object

Question 11

What does accommodation depend on?

Answer 11

Contraction of the ciliary muscles and the capacity of the lens to assume a more convex shape when tension on the zonule fibers is relieved

Question 12

What muscle causes pupil constriction?

Answer 12

constrictor pupillae muscle (para)

Question 13

What will you see when there is optic nerve damage?

Answer 13

The light will ONLY show consensual response, not response to direct light

Question 14

What will you see when there is occulomotor damage?

Answer 14

One eye will show no response

Question 15

What is mydriasis?

Answer 15

dilation of the pupil

Question 16

What is the fovea’s function?

Answer 16

Visual acuity and visual affixiation

Question 17

What are photoreceptors>

Answer 17

Cells that transduce light energy into neural signals

Question 18

Rod function?

Answer 18

night vision, high sensitivity vision, and peripheral vision

Question 19

Which are more common, Rods or cones?

Answer 19

Rods

Question 20

Which is more sensitive to light: Rods or Cones?

Answer 20

Rods

Question 21

What is absent in the fovea?

Answer 21

Rods

Question 22

Cone Function?

Answer 22

Daylight vision, color vision, and central vision

Question 23

Which has a one-to-one connection with bi-polar cells?

Answer 23

Cones

Question 24

What are the cones photopigments called?

Answer 24

cone opsins

Question 25

What are the retinal pigment epithelial cells?

Answer 25

a layer of melanin-containing cells on the scleral side of the retina

Question 26

what is the function of melanin?

Answer 26

Absorbs light not captured by the photoreceptors which prevents scatter of light that would degrade the visual image and helps cool the photoreceptors from the heat of absorbed light

Question 27

What is the neural path of light out of the eye?

Answer 27

Photoreceptors--> interneurons --> ganglion cells--> Brain

Question 28

What is a scotoma?

Answer 28

a pathological blind spot

Question 29

T/F the optic tract contain axons from both eyes

Answer 29

True

Question 30

When do axons become the optic tract?

Answer 30

after they have passed through the optic chiasm

Question 31

axons on the ____ side cross contralaterally

Answer 31

nasal

Question 32

The optic tracts synapse on the ____

Answer 32

lateral geniculate body of the thalamus

Question 33

The left LGB sees the _____ world

Answer 33

right

Question 34

What does the LGB sent its output to?

Answer 34

Primary visual cortex

Question 35

Where is the primary visual cortex

Answer 35

Area 17; occipital lobe

Question 36

What will a lesion of the optic chiasm cause?

Answer 36

bitemporal hemianopsia (loss of both sides of temporal vision)

Question 37

A lesion of the LGB will cause what?

Answer 37

homonymous hemianopsia (of contra side)

Question 38

A lesion in the fibers in route to the dorsal bank will cause what?

Answer 38

homonymous inferior quadrantanopia

Question 39

A lesion in the fibers in route to the ventral bank (Meyer's loop) will cause what?

Answer 39

Homonymous superior quadrantanopia

Question 40

A lesion of the occipital lobe will result in what?

Answer 40

homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

Question 41

What is the pupillary light reflex?

Answer 41

Ganglion cell axons--> pretectum--> Edinger-Westphal--> pupillary constrictor muscles

Question 42

input from each pretectal nuclei is from _______

Answer 42

one visual field (not one eye)