Austism Spectrum Disorder

Question 1

How many children have ASD

Answer 1

1 in 59 children

Question 2

ASD is one of the

Answer 2

Fastest growing developmental disorder

Question 3

Is there a cure for ASD

Answer 3

No

Question 4

What is ASD

Answer 4

A developmental disability that can cause significant social, communication and behaviour changes

Question 5

Children with ASD may do what differently

Answer 5

Learn
Behave
Interact
Communicate

Question 6

ASD children have what characteristics

Answer 6

Impaired social interaction

Delayed verbal and non verbal communication

Restricted and repetitive behaviour

Question 7

What is used to assign ASD level

Answer 7

DSM - 5

Question 8

Level 1 is

Answer 8

High functioning

Needs support
Patient social and communication skills and repetitive behaviours are only noticeable without support

Question 9

Level 2 is

Answer 9

Moderate functioning

Needs substantial support

Question 10

Level 3 is

Answer 10

Low functioning

Need a lot of support

Question 11

What are the social signs and symptoms of ASD

Answer 11

Avoid eye contact

Trouble engaging or relating to others

Difficulty playing social games or using toys appropriately

Difficulty regulating or showing emotions

Question 12

What are the communication signs and symptoms of ASD

Answer 12

Delay in babbling and/or speaking

Sudden stop or regression in learning to speak

Significant delays in understanding language

Repeating words or phrases

Flat or even voice tone

Question 13

What are the behaviour signs and symptoms of ASD

Answer 13

Repetitive behaviors (hand flapping, rocking, jumping, etc)

Fixation or engaging in a singular activity over and over

GI disorders

Seizures and difficulty sleeping

Sensory processing difficulties with sounds, smells, tastes, etc.

Question 14

What are the causes/risk factors of ASD

Answer 14

There is no one main cause of autism, rather a combination of genetic, non-genetic and environmental factors

Question 15

What neural problems are seen in ASD

Answer 15

Abnormalities in the Frontal lobe and cerebellum

Enlargement of amygdala and hippocampus

More neurons in the prefrontal cortex

Reduced connectivity in frontal brain regions

Thinning of the corpus callosum

Question 16

The posterior superior temporal sulcus can be

Answer 16

Hyperactive

Hypoactive

Question 17

There are differential connectivity of

Answer 17

Medial dorsal/anterior thalamus

Question 18

There can be neuro-glial

Answer 18

Synaptic dysfunction

Question 19

What types of treatment are there

Answer 19

Behaviour and communication approaches

Dietary approaches

Medication to manage high energy levels, ability to focus, depression and seizures

Question 20

What are the secondary conditions of ASD

Answer 20

Selective eating

Physical inactivity

Risk factors such as obesity hypertension and dyslipidemia

Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases

Question 21

Exercise testing for ASD involves

Answer 21

Proper environment

Attractive and predictable

Same space

Allow time to adapt to new exercise

Age appropriate

Lighting and ventilation

Avoid distractions

Temperature

Appropriate sized equipment

Question 22

What are the general considerations for ASD

Answer 22

Children with autism is unique - modify each exercise intervention

Keep explanations simple - provide visuals

Have everything organised

Ask parents what motivates them

Reward and praise

Question 23

What are the special considerations for exercise for ASD

Answer 23

Use adaptive equipment

Use percieved exertion scales for children on antipsychotic medication - medication can influence heart rates and BP

Children of low functioning - may need individual sessions

Children of high functioning - may need group sessions

Progress gradually

Give sufficient breaks and avoid overwhelming the child

Look out for negative behaviours such as tantrums etc

Question 24

Are the set exercise prescription

Answer 24

No

Question 25

What are the benefits of exercise

Answer 25

Improve motor function Behaviour Social implications of participating in exercise

Question 26

Juvenile (Type 1) diabetes have increased 23% between 2001 and 2009 in children.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

According to the American Heart Association, at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity aerobic activity is required every day for children.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Moderate intensity of aerobic exercise recommended for children corresponds to noticeable increase in children’s heart rate and breathing.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Compared to adults, children tend to have ___ systolic blood pressure, ___ respiratory rate, ___ relative oxygen uptake.

Answer 29

Lower Higher Higher

Question 30

More girls (1 in 42) tend to have ASD than boys (1 in 189).

Answer 30

False

Question 31

There is no one main cause of ASD defined; there is no cure for ASD.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Less neurons are found in the prefrontal cortex area of the brain in ASD.

Answer 32

False - More

Question 33

Children with autism spectrum disorder have higher tendency to develop _______ when they get older due to higher rate of having ______ in earlier age.

Answer 33

Metabolic disease Risk factors - obesity and hypertension

Question 34

You can use resting and exercise heart rate and blood pressure as a marker of intensity during exercise testing even though children with ASD take antipsychotic medications.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

According to DSM-5, levels of ASD are identified based on functioning.

Answer 35

True