Autonomic 1-2

Question 1

What branch of the nervous system is in charge of involuntary actions ?

Answer 1

The autonomic nervous system

Question 2

What branch of the nervous system is in charge of voluntary actions ?

Answer 2

The somatic nervous system

Question 3

What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system ?

Answer 3

The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system

Question 4

What kind of NMJ does the autonomic N.S. have ?

Answer 4

A less specialized NMJ than the parasympathetic N.S.

Question 5

What kind of receptors are found at the autonomic NMJ ?

Answer 5

Metabotropic

Question 6

The neurons from which nervous system branch can both excite and inhibit ?

Answer 6

The autonomic nervous system

Question 7

What kind of NMJ does the somatic nervous system have ?

Answer 7

Specialized NMJ

Question 8

What kind of receptors are found at the NMJ of the somatic nervous system ?

Answer 8

Inotropic

Question 9

The neurons from which nervous system branch always excite its target ?

Answer 9

The somatic nervous system

Question 10

What is the sympathetic nervous system known as ?

Answer 10

Fight or flight

Question 11

What is the parasympathetic nervous system known as ?

Answer 11

Rest and Digest

Question 12

Where on the spinal cord does the sympathetic nervous system flow from ?

Answer 12

Thoraco-lumbar

Question 13

Where on the spinal cord does the parasympathetic nervous system flow from ?

Answer 13

Cranio-sacral

Question 14

Where is the ganglia found in the sympathetic nervous system and what is this ganglia called ?

Answer 14

Close to the spinal cord

Para-vertebral ganglia

Question 15

Where is the ganglia found in the parasympathetic nervous system and what is this ganglia called ?

Answer 15

Close to the target

Parasympathetic ganglia

Question 16

What are the neurotransmitters released in the sympathetic nervous system ?

Answer 16

Acetylcholine and Nor-adrenaline (Adrenaline)

Question 17

What are the receptors found within the sympathetic nervous system ?

Answer 17

Nicotinic and alpha and beta receptors

Question 18

What receptors are found within the parasympathetic nervous system ?

Answer 18

Nicotinic and Muscarinic

Question 19

What neurotransmitters are released in the parasympathetic nervous system ?

Answer 19

Acetylcholine only

Question 20

What releases adrenaline into the blood stream when there is sympathetic input ?

Answer 20

The adrenal medulla

Question 21

Acetylcholine acts on what kind of receptors ?

Answer 21

Cholinergic (Nicotinic and Muscarinic)

Question 22

Nor-adrenaline acts on what kind of receptors ?

Answer 22

Adrenergic receptors (alpha and beta)

Question 23

In the sympathetic nervous system what does the pre-ganglionic neuron release and act on ?

Answer 23

Pre-ganglionic neuron releases: Ach

Acts on: Nicotinic receptor

Question 24

In the sympathetic nervous system what does the post-ganglionic neuron release and act on ?

Answer 24

Post-ganglionic neuron releases: Nor-adrenaline

Acts on: alpha or beta adrenergic receptors

Question 25

In the parasympathetic nervous system what does the pre-ganglionic neuron release and act on ?

Answer 25

Pre-ganglionic neuron releases: Ach | Acts on: Nicotinic receptors

Question 26

In the parasympathetic nervous system what does the post-ganglionic neuron release and act on ?

Answer 26

Post-ganglionic neuron releases: Ach | Acts on: Muscarinic receptors

Question 27

What does the sympathetic input do to the eye ?

Answer 27

Alpha 1 receptors: contract the radial muscles- Dilate the pupil Beta 2 receptors: Relax the ciliary muscles- see far awat

Question 28

Alpha 1 receptors do what to sooth muscle ?

Answer 28

Contract smooth muscle

Question 29

Beta 2 receptors do what to smooth muscle ?

Answer 29

Relax smooth muscle

Question 30

What does parasympathetic input do to the eye ? and what is this an example of ?

Answer 30

The sphincter and ciliary muscle both contract. This is an example of an antagonist action

Question 31

What does sympathetic input do to the heart ?

Answer 31

Beta 2 receptors act on the pacemaker cells and myocytes and increase HR and increase strength of contractions.

Question 32

What does parasympathetic input do the heart ?

Answer 32

Acts on the muscarinic receptors on the pacemaker cells to slow HR and has no effect on the strength of contractions.

Question 33

What effect does the sympathetic system have on the lungs ?

Answer 33

Beta 2 causes the airway to dilate

Question 34

What effect does the parasympathetic system have on the airway ?

Answer 34

Muscarinic receptors cause constriction of the airway

Question 35

What effects does the sympathetic system have on blood vessels ?

Answer 35

Alpha 1 contracts the smooth muscle and constricts blood flow Beta 2 causes relaxation of the smooth muscle, increasing blood flow.

Question 36

What effects does the parasympathetic system have on the blood vessels ?

Answer 36

No effect

Question 37

What effects does the sympathetic system have on the gut ?

Answer 37

Alpha and beta decrease gut motility and alpha also inhibit pancreatic secretions

Question 38

What effect does the parasympathetic system have on the gut ?

Answer 38

Muscarinic receptors act to increase gut motility and increase pancreatic secretions

Question 39

What effect does the sympathetic system have on energy stores ? and what is this an example of ?

Answer 39

alpha/beta receptors on liver stimulates gluconeogenesis and alpha/beta receptors on fat cells increases lipolysis. Since there is no innervation from the parasympathetic system in energy stores this is an example of single innervation.

Question 40

What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the salivary glands ?

Answer 40

Acts on beta receptors to produce thick saliva rich in enzymes

Question 41

What effects does the parasympathetic system have on the saliva glands ?

Answer 41

Muscarinic receptors produce watery secretions

Question 42

What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the bladder ?

Answer 42

Beta 2 receptors relax the bladder wall, allowing the pressure in the bladder to be reduced. Alpha 1 receptors act on the sphincter muscles to inhibit urination.

Question 43

What effect does the parasympathetic input have on the bladder ?

Answer 43

Muscarinic receptors contract the bladder increasing the pressure within the bladder and relax the muscles around the sphincter allowing urination.

Question 44

What effect does the sympathetic system have on the reproductive system ?

Answer 44

Alpha 1 receptors contract the smooth muscle of the urethra causing ejaculation

Question 45

What effect does the parasympathetic system have on the reproductive system ?

Answer 45

Muscarinic receptors relax the smooth muscle of the penis causing an erection