Autonomic and HTN

Question 1

where are alpha-1 receptors?

Answer 1

vascular smooth muscle

Question 2

where are alpha-2 receptors?

Answer 2

presynaptic junction

Question 3

where are beta-1 receptors?

Answer 3

heart, kidneys

Question 4

where are beta-2 receptors?

Answer 4

Lungs, skeletal muscle blood vessels

Question 5

where are beta-3 receptors

Answer 5

adipose tissue

Question 6

stimulation of alpha-1 receptors results in what response?

Answer 6

vasoconstriction/vasodilation

Question 7

stimulation of alpha-2 receptors results in what responses?

Answer 7

influence of NE release

Question 8

stimulation of beta-1 receptors results in what responses?

Answer 8

HR, contractility, renin secretion

Question 9

stimulation of beta-2 receptors results in what respones?

Answer 9

vasoconstriction/vasodilation, bronchoconstriction/bronchodilation

Question 10

stimulation of beta-3 results in what?

Answer 10

impacts lipolysis

Question 11

a positive iontropic effect does what?

Answer 11

increase stroke volume

Question 12

a positive chronotropic effect does what?

Answer 12

increase heart rate

Question 13

what are the general effects of catecholamines?

Answer 13

sympathommetic - they mimic the SNS

Question 14

vascular effects of cataecholamines

Answer 14

EPI: peripheral vascular resistance (low = reduced; high = increased)
NE: elevates BP

Question 15

CNS effects of catecholamines

Answer 15

anxiety, tremors, headache

Question 16

non-vascular smooth muscle effects of catecholamines

Answer 16

relax smooth muscles of GI tract, urinary retention, bronchodilation

Question 17

metabolic effects of catecholamines

Answer 17

increase blood glucose, fatty acid levels, insulin secretion inhibition, increase glycogenolysis/glycuneogensis

Question 18

net effect of epinephrine on all alpha and beta receptors

Answer 18

vasoconstriction & cardiac stimulation

Question 19

what would epinephrine be used to treat?

Answer 19

anaphylactic shock, cardiogenic shock

Question 20

how does epinephrine effect alpha receptors?

Answer 20

alpha-1: smooth muscle vasoconstriction

alpha-2: presynaptic receptor

Question 21

how does epinephrine effect beta-1 receptors?

Answer 21

increase strength/rate of cardiac contractions

Question 22

how does epinephrine effect beta-2 receptors?

Answer 22

relaxes bronchial smooth muscle,
activates glycogenolysis,
dilates skeletal muscle blood vessels

Question 23

how does epinephrine effect beta-3 receptors

Answer 23

activates lipolysis

Question 24

NE mainly effects which receptors?

Answer 24

mainly alpha-1 but will also effect alpha-2 and beta-1

Question 25

NE has little effect on which receptor?

Answer 25

beta-2

Question 26

main effect of NE

Answer 26

increases BP, increases peripheral resistance, minimally increased HR

Question 27

NE used to treat ___

Answer 27

severe hypotension | septic shock

Question 28

Dopamine is a precursor to ____

Answer 28

NE

Question 29

Dopamine mainly activates ______

Answer 29

alpha-1 and beta-1 receptors

Question 30

T/F: catecholamines can be used as vasopressors?

Answer 30

true

Question 31

main effect of vasopressors

Answer 31

increase vasoconstriction --> increases BP and MAP

Question 32

MOA of direct acting adrenergic drugs (DAADs)

Answer 32

directly stimulate the alpha or beta receptors

Question 33

DAADs suffix

Answer 33

end in -rine

Question 34

MOA of indirect acting adrenergic drugs (IAADs)

Answer 34

enhance effect of NE or Epi by inhibiting their reuptake or degradation; or increasing the release of NE

Question 35

IAADs are sympatho_____

Answer 35

mimetic --> sympathomimetic --> they mimic the SNS

Question 36

examples of IAADs

Answer 36

1) . adderall (amphetamine) 2) . Focalin 3) . Vyvanse 4) . cocaine 5) . ephedrine

Question 37

How does Cocaine work?

Answer 37

inhibits re-uptake of NE, significant vasoconstriction = hypertensive crisis, MI, stroke

Question 38

how do mixed acting adrenergic drugs (MAADs) work?

Answer 38

work on direct and indirect pathways

Question 39

rehab concerns for sympathomimetics

Answer 39

1) . OTC cold remedies may contain phenylephrine 2) . may induce: HTN, cardiac arrhythmias, angina 3) . ephedra (weight loss products): cerebral hemorrhage, seizures, and death

Question 40

effect of SNS on HR and SV

Answer 40

increase

Question 41

mean arterial pressure (MAP) = _________

Answer 41

CO * peripheral resistance