Autonomic Physiology

Question 1

the nervous system can be divided into what two minor systems?

Answer 1

CNS and PNS

Question 2

two subsystems of the PNS

Answer 2

1). Autonomic Nervous System 2). Somatic Nervous System

Question 3

two subsystems of the Somatic Nervous System

Answer 3

Sensory (afferent), Motor (efferent)

Question 4

two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 4

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 5

what type of receptors does the sympathetic nervous system utilize?

Answer 5

Adrenergic

Question 6

what type of receptors does the parasympathetic nervous system utilize?

Answer 6

cholinergic receptors

Question 7

what are the types of adrenergic receptors?

Answer 7

alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2

Question 8

what are the types of cholinergic receptors?

Answer 8

muscrainic (1, 2, and 3) and nicotinic (neural and muscular)

Question 9

cholinergic drugs mimic _______

Answer 9

the PNS

Question 10

anticholinergic drugs suppress ______

Answer 10

the PNS

Question 11

adrenergic drugs mimic ______

Answer 11

the SNS

Question 12

alpha and beta-blockers supress _____

Answer 12

the SNS

Question 13

T/F: within the ANS, two neurons link the CNS to the effector organ

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Pre/postganglionic fiber length comparision between SNS and PNS

Answer 14

PNS: long mylinated pre and short post

SNS: short mylinated pre and long post

Question 15

T/F: the synapse between the preganglionic and postganglionic fiber within the ANS is always nicotinic?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

the sympathetic division can be found exiting which region of the spinal cord?

Answer 16

thoracolumbar (T1-L2)

Question 17

the parasympathetic division can be found exiting which regions of the spinal cord?

Answer 17

carniosacral (CN 3, 7, 9 and 10; S2-4)

Question 18

what is the only exception to the 2 neuron rule within the ANS?

Answer 18

adrenal gland within the sympathetic division

Question 19

which division of the ANS will have more extensive branching?

Answer 19

sympathetic

Question 20

which division of the ANS tends to create/cause more discrete reactions affecting only 1 organ/tissue?

Answer 20

parasympathetic

Question 21

effect of SNS on heart?

Answer 21

increased HR (beta-1 and beta2),

increased contractility (beta-1 and beta-2)

Question 22

effect of PNS on heart

Answer 22

decreased HR (M2)

Question 23

SNS effect on lung airway muscles

Answer 23

bronchodilation (beta-2)

Question 24

effect of SNS on lung bronchial secretions

Answer 24

increased secretion (beta-2)

decreased secretion (beta-1)

Question 25

effect of PNS on lung airway smooth muscles

Answer 25

bronchoconstriction (M3)

Question 26

effect of PNS on lung bronchial secretions

Answer 26

increased secretion (M3)

Question 27

effect of SNS on arterioles

Answer 27

vasoconstriction of skin and visera (alpha-1, alpha-2) vasodilation of skeletal muscle and liver (beta-2)

Question 28

effect of SNS on liver

Answer 28

glycogenolysis, gluconeogensis (alpha and beta-2)

Question 29

effect of PNS on liver

Answer 29

glycogen synthesis (M)

Question 30

catecholamine neurotransmitters

Answer 30

dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine

Question 31

if activated an excitatory ligand-gated ion channel would cause \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 31

Na+ or Ca2+ to flow into cell; K- to flow out

Question 32

if activated an inhibitory ligand-gated ion channel would cause \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 32

Cl- to flow into cell

Question 33

Additional neurotransmitters

Answer 33

Glutamate, GABA, Dopamine, Serotonin, and Histamine

Question 34

cholinergic muscarnic receptor primary locations

Answer 34

1) . visceral and bronchiole smooth muscle, 2) . Cardiac muscle, 3) . Exocrine glands, salivary,intestinal, lacrimal, 4) . sweat glands

Question 35

cholinergic muscurinic response to stimulation

Answer 35

1) . viseral/bronchiole smooth muscle - contraction 2) . cardiac - decreased HR 3) . glands - increased secretions

Question 36

alpha-1 receptor locations

Answer 36

1) . vascular smooth muscle 2) . intestinal smooth muscle 3) . radial muscle iris 4) . Urinary sphincter 5) . Spleen capsule

Question 37

stimulation of alpha-1 receptors results in ______ everywhere except \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 37

contraction; intestinal smooth muscle (relaxation)

Question 38

location of alpha-2 receptors

Answer 38

CNS inhibitory neurons

Question 39

response of alpha-2 receptors

Answer 39

decreased sympathetic discharge from CNS

Question 40

location of beta-1 receptors?

Answer 40

cardiac muscle, kidneys, and fat cells

Question 41

respones of beta-1 receptors

Answer 41

1) . cardiac muscle - increased HR and contractility 2) . kidney - increased renin secretion 3) . fat cells - increased lipolysis

Question 42

location of beta-2 receptors

Answer 42

bronchiole smooth muscles, liver and skeletal muscle arterioles and cell, GI smooth muscle, uterus, gallbladder

Question 43

response of beta-2 receptors in gallbladder and uterus

Answer 43

relaxation

Question 44

response of beta-2 receptors in skeletal muscle and liver

Answer 44

arterioles - vasodilation cells - increased metabolism and mass

Question 45

other responses of beta-2 receptors

Answer 45

bronchiole smooth muscle - bronchodilation GI smooth muscle - decreased motility