Pulmonary Flashcards

Question

hallmark of chronic bronchitis?

Answer 1

very productive cough that lasts for at least 3 months for 2 consecutive years

Answer 2

1) . SOB 2) . persistent cough 3) . prolonged expiration 4) . recurrent infection due to increased mucus in airways 5) . late effects include pulmonary hypertension

Answer 3

reduce airway edema secondary to inflammation and bronchospasm

Answer 4

1) . facilitate the elimination of bronchial secretions 2) . prevent and treat respiratory infections 3) . increase exercise tolerance

Answer 5

1) . Bronchodilators 2) . Anti-inflammatory 3) . Antibiotics

Answer 6

1) . inhaled beta agonists | 2) . inhaled antimuscarinics

Answer 7

agonize beta-2 receptors --> increase bronchodilation

Answer 8

short acting beta-agonists

Answer 9

acute exacerbations, works within 5 minutes and lasts 4-6 hours

Answer 10

long acting beta-agonists

Answer 11

chronic managements, 12-24 hour duration, must be dosed once or twice daily

Answer 12

generally well tolerated. AE can include: tachycardia, tremor, hypokalemia

Answer 13

primarily bind M3 in airway smooth muscle which antagonizes ACh actions at those sites resulting in bronchodilation

Answer 14

short/long acting antimuscarinics

Answer 15

generally well tolerated other than dry mouth

Answer 16

1) . inhaled corticosteriods (-asone or -sonide) | 2) . PDE-3 inhibitor

Answer 17

acute exacerbation of COPD or more severe disease

Answer 18

oral candidiasis (prevent by rinsing mouth)

Answer 19

decrease breakdown of intracellular cyclic AMP --> decreases inflammation

Answer 20

when a pt has a more severe COPD case, this drug is used in to the hopes to decrease the amount of exacerbations

Answer 21

reversible obstructive lung disease characterized by inflammation and increased smooth muscle reaction of the airways to various stimuli

Answer 22

1) . extrinsic 2) . intrinsic 3) . exercise-induced 4) . asthma associated with COPD

Answer 23

1) . abnormal airway response 2) . mediators cause thickening of airway walls and increased contractile response of bronchial smooth muscle 3) . mucous plug can become significant and block up the airways that are in spasm and swollen (traps air distally)

Answer 24

1) . sensation of chest constriction 2) . inspiratory and expiratory wheezing 3) . nonproductive cough 4) . prolonged expiration 5) . tachycardia and tachypnea

Answer 25

1) . decrease impairments 2) . decrease risk (prevent exacerbations, need for emergency care, prevent loss of lung function, decrease AE for therapy)

Answer 26

1) . ICS solo | 2) . LABAs only in combo with ICS

Answer 27

1) . Leukotriene Modifiers 2) . Immunomodulators 3) . Cromolyn Sodium 4) . Methylxanthines

Answer 28

released from mast cells eosinphils, they play a role in airway edema, smooth muscle contraction and inflammatory process

Answer 29

1) . Leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) | 2) . 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor

Answer 30

competitively antagonize leukotriene receptors

Answer 31

1) . Anti-IgE | 2) . Interleukin Antagonist

Answer 32

binds IgE antibody --> prevents IgE binding to receptors on mast cells and basophils --> limits activation and release of allergic response mediators

Answer 33

HA, injection site reactions; very rare anaphylactic allergic reactions

Answer 34

monoclonal antibodies that binds interleukins results in decrease inflammatory response

Answer 35

injection site reactions, HA, increase creatine kinase

Answer 36

1) . SABAs 2) . SAMAs 3) . PO steroids

Answer 37

SABAs. typically used up to 3 trx at 20 min intervals

Answer 38

in combo with SABA in emergency care setting or as monotherapy if SABA not tolerated

Answer 39

moderate to severe exacerbations

Answer 40

bronchial provocation test. Used to diagnose asthma in atheltes

Answer 41

gene defect that doesn't allow Cl- to pass in and out of the plasma membrane of epithelial cells. More commonly known for its copious amounts of mucus but is a multi-system disease

Answer 42

1) . CFRD 2) . bone disease 3) . liver disease 4) . lung transplants

Answer 43

1) . Bronchodilators 2) . CFTR modulators 3) . Mucolytics 4) . Anti-inflammatory 5) . Inhaled Antibiotics 6) . PO Antibiotics 7) . Nutritional support

Answer 44

may use LABAs for maintenance; SABAs used prior to chest physiotherapy

Answer 45

membrane protein and Cl- channel --> regulates sodium and water which helps keep mucous thin

Answer 46

genetic mutations cause closing and/or narrowing of CFTR or prevents CFTR from getting to the cell surface

Answer 47

decrease risk of exacerbation, increase lung function and QOL

Answer 48

HA, GI issues, respiratory issue

Answer 49

dizziness and hypertension

Answer 50

decrease risk of exacerbations, improve lung function and QOL

Answer 51

hypertonic saline and dornase alfa

Answer 52

increase salt in airways which draws more water into airways -> increases hydration of airway mucus secretions, increases mucucillary functions

Answer 53

cleaves DNA --> decrease mucus viscosity --> improved airflow

Answer 54

chest pain -> merits an automatic referral to a physician

Answer 55

chest pain -> merits an automatic referral to a physician

Answer 56

Chronic high dose ibuprofen if <18 years old - has been proven to slow the loss of lung function

Answer 57

1) . Tobramycin (Tobi) | 2) . Aztreonam

Answer 58

if P. aeruginosa persistently present in cultures

Answer 59

nebulized 2-3x daily for 28 days on and then 28 days off

Answer 60

voice disorder, HA, fever, respiratory issue, ototoxicity, pharyngolarngeal pain, cough, nasal congestion, wheezing

Answer 61

Vitamins A, D, E, and K

Answer 62

pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy

Answer 63

dry mouth, HTN and tachycardia

Answer 64

1) . inhaled: oral candidiasis and thrush | 2) . increased infection risk, HTN, Osteoporosis (muscle weakness, skin atrophy)

Answer 65

tremor, trachycardia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, reduced exercise capacity