Autonomic Disorders And Autonomic Functions Tests

Question 1

What type of response is given when standing erect initiates an orthostatic mechanisms to maintain the mean BP

Answer 1

Postural Response

Question 2

Postural changes can be stimulated by a

Answer 2

Tilt table

Question 3

In the lower body negative body pressure , air is evacuated and pressure is reduced in a box enclosing

Answer 3

The lower body below the iliac crest

Question 4

What are some advantages of the tilt table

Answer 4

Physiological measurements can be made

70 degrees Head-up tilt produces a rapid caudal shift of 500-700ml thoracic venous blood

Question 5

True or False, the SV increases upon standing

Answer 5

False it decreases

Question 6

True or false, SV and CO decreases upon standing, according to the tilt table

Answer 6

true

Question 7

By how much does SV and CO increase according to the tilt able

Answer 7

40%, 15-20%

Question 8

True or false, Heart rate decreases upon standing

Answer 8

False, it increases

Question 9

By how much does heart rate increase according to the tilt table

Answer 9

20%

Question 10

By how much does the total physiological response increase

Answer 10

40%

Question 11

The Valsalva Manœvre was originally used to inflate the middle ear via

Answer 11

Estachian tubes

Question 12

What is the function of the Valsalva Manœvre

Answer 12

Assess ANS Responsiveness to circulatory changes

Question 13

What is the Valsava Manœvre method

Answer 13

Subject closes mouth and nose, then expires forcibly against a 40mmHg resistance for 15 seconds

Question 14

In the Valsava Manœvre, Pressure inside which 2 passages increases

Answer 14

Pharynx and lungs

Question 15

In the Valsava Manœvre, the increase in the two passages, results in a sudden increase in which 3 pressures

Answer 15

Intrathoracic, Intra-abdominal and CSF

Question 16

In the Valsava Manœvre, What valves shut preventing blood flow to the vena cava

Answer 16

Peripheral Venous Valves

Question 17

In the Valsava Manœvre,, Blood accumulates in which veins

Answer 17

Peripheral veins

Question 18

In the Valsava Manœvre,, the Aortic flow falls to ________ of normal

Answer 18

50%

Question 19

What occurs in Phase 1 of Valsava Manœvre

Answer 19

Heart Rate Decreases, Due to an increase in arterial pressure because the intrathoracic pressure adds to the aortic pressure

Question 20

What occurs in Phase 2 of Valsava Manœvre,

Answer 20

Reflex Tachycardia + TPR increases

Compression of the veins prevents venous return, cardiac filling decreases and MAP falls

Question 21

What occurs in Phase 3 of Valsava Manœvre,

Answer 21

Heart Rate Increases

Glottis opens, Blood Pressure falls due to sudden fall in intrathoracic pressure

Question 22

What occurs in Phase 4 of Valsava Manœvre,

Answer 22

Rapid Bradycardia

Blood Presure rebounds due to rapid venous return

Question 23

Abnomal Valsalva Responses, usually occurs in persons with what disease

Answer 23

Idiopathic Orthostatic Hypotension

Question 24

Abnomal Valsalva causes ______ in Phases 2 and ______ in phase 4

Answer 24

Fall in BP

Abscence of overshoot and Bradycardia in Phase 4

Question 25

What type of wave is present in persons with Hypertensive Heart Failure

Answer 25

Square Wave | Very little change in Heart Rate

Question 26

In high temperatures, animals lose heat by:

Answer 26

Sweating | Vasodilation

Question 27

In low temperature, animals try to conserve heat by

Answer 27

Vasoconstriction Piloerection (Horripilation) Shivering

Question 28

What test is used to measure ANS testing

Answer 28

Cold Pressor Test

Question 29

Describe the method of the Cold Pressor Test

Answer 29

Place one limb in cold water and meaure the blood flow in the other limb

Question 30

How is blood flow measured in the cold pressor test

Answer 30

Venous Occlusion Plethysmography

Question 31

What hormones are released from the sympathetic nervous system as a result of cool temperatures

Answer 31

NE, E

Question 32

What part of the hypothalamus detects heat productions and regulate heat loss

Answer 32

Anterior

Question 33

What disease mainly affects women, which causes increased hypersensitivity to small decreases in temperature

Answer 33

Raynauds disease

Question 34

What part of the body is Raynauds disease mainly seen

Answer 34

fingers

Question 35

What is a symptom of Raynaud's disease

Answer 35

Ischemia and severe pain

Question 36

True or false, Ischemic pain persists for several minutes

Answer 36

true

Question 37

What causes an increase in pain for patients with Raynauds disease

Answer 37

Sudden massive increase in blood flow due to vasodilation which causes severe reddening

Question 38

How is Raynauds disease treated

Answer 38

Cut the sympathetic chain T2-T3 -Fingers Lumbar Sympathectomy at L2' L3 - Lower limbs Stellate ganglion block- cerebral circulation

Question 39

What is commonly used to treat excessive sweating

Answer 39

Sympathectomy

Question 40

Why are Ganglionic blockades preferred

Answer 40

To prevent Denervation Supersensitivity