Synapses

Question 1

What is the term used to describe the means by which neurones communicate with each other

Answer 1

Synapse

Question 2

List the names of three different types synaptic arrangements in the CNS

Answer 2

Axo-dendritic
Axo-somatic
Axon-axonal

Question 3

Name the functional type that has Gap junctions, low resistance bridges and ephaptic transmission

Answer 3

Electrical

Question 4

Name the functional type that has a pre-synaptic neuron containing vesicles and electron- dense plaques on both membranes

Answer 4

Chemical

Question 5

Name the functional type that has 2-way traffic of electrical and chemical synapses, which is only found centrally

Answer 5

Reciprocal or Conjoint

Question 6

How many synapses make up the CNS

Answer 6

2 x 10^14 synapses

Question 7

How many synaptic contacts make up the CNS

Answer 7

2000

Question 8

How many synapses are present on each synaptic contact

Answer 8

10,000

Question 9

What neurotransmitter is stored in clear, spheroid vesicles; cholinergic synapses.

Answer 9

ACH

Question 10

What neurotransmitter is stored in spherical dense-core vesicles; Adrenergic/ Noradrenergic Synapses

Answer 10

Epinephrine (E), Nor- epinephrine (NE), Serontonin (5-HT)

Question 11

What neurotransmitter is stored in flattened, clear vesicles; inhibitory synapses

Answer 11

Glycine, Gamma-aminobutyric acid, amino acid

Question 12

What neurotransmitter is stored in large dense core vesicles

Answer 12

Peptides

Question 13

What neurotransmitter contains NO, CO

Answer 13

Gaseous neurotransmitters

Question 14

True or False, Neurotransmission is a two way process that is necessary for orderly neural function

Answer 14

False, it is one way process

Question 15

True or False, Single stimulus applied to a sensory neurone leads to a propagated AP in the post-synaptic neurone.

Answer 15

False, It doesn’t

Question 16

How much time is the synaptic delay after afferent impulse

Answer 16

0.5ms

Question 17

What type of polerizations are produced in post-synaptic cells

Answer 17

Transient partial depolarizatons or hyper polarisations

Question 18

ESP’s are all or nothing responses

Answer 18

False

Question 19

What process generates a full-fledged action potential

Answer 19

Summation

Question 20

What type of potential increase the excitability of the postsynaptic membrane

Answer 20

ESPs

Question 21

What are the two types of summations

Answer 21

Spatial and Temporal

Question 22

Which type of summation excite different synaptic knobs simultaneously

Answer 22

Spatial Summation

Question 23

Which type of summation Increases frequency of stimulation to the same synaptic knob

Answer 23

Temporal Summation

Question 24

True or False, Spatial Summation EPSPs form simultaneously in adjacent areas of the post-synaptic membrane

Answer 24

True

Question 25

True or False, Temporal Summation causes new EPSPs to form before previous ones have decayed

Answer 25

True

Question 26

True or False, Only Spatial summation results in post synaptic inhibition or direct inhibition

Answer 26

False, Both spatial and temporal summation result in Postsynaptic Inhibition or Direct inhibition

Question 27

What type of inhibition occurs @ axo-axonic synapses in CNS

Answer 27

Pre-synaptic Inhibition

Question 28

What type of inhibition occurs for negative feed-back involved in “gating” of pain transmission

Answer 28

Indirect Inhibition

Question 29

True or False, In Direct Inhibition, Afferent fibres from the skeletal muscle excite motor neurones supplying only protagonist muscles

Answer 29

False, they also provide reciprocal innervation to antagonist muscles

Question 30

What is the term given to a decrease in the expected response due to pre-synaptic neurones sharing the same post-synaptic neurones

Answer 30

Occlusion

Question 31

What is the term given when the response to the combined presentation of 2 stimuli = sum of those produced when each stimulus is given separately

Answer 31

Summation

Question 32

What is the term given when the response is more than that evoked by one stimulus, but less than the sum of the 2 responses

Answer 32

Occlusion

Question 33

what is the term given when The response to the combination of 2 stimuli exceeds the sum of the responses to separate presentations

Answer 33

Facilitation