Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 1

auto=self

Question 2

Somatic nervous system

Answer 2

-includes both sensory & motor

Question 3

What is the main input for the ANS?

Answer 3

comes from the autonomic sensory neurons (visceral)

Question 4

Interoceptors

Answer 4

Sensory receptors located in blood vessels, visceral organs, muscles, and the nervous system that monitor conditions in the internal environment.

Question 5

Autonomic motor neurons

Answer 5

regulate visceral activities by either increasing(exciting) or decreasing(inhibiting) ongoing activities in their effector tissues. (Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands)

Question 6

What are examples of Autonomic motor neurons/responses?

Answer 6

Changes in diameter of pupil, dilation/constriction of blood vessels, adjustment of rate, force of heartbeat.

Question 7

Can Autonomic responses be consciously altered?

Answer 7

NO

Question 8

Biofeedback

Answer 8

A process in which monitoring devices display information about a body function such as a heart rate or blood pressure.

Question 9

How many divisions does the output part of the ANS have?

Answer 9

Two

• sympathetic division
• parasympathetic division

Question 10

What is dual innervation?

Answer 10

Most organs have this which allow them to receive impulses from both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons.

Question 11

Fight or flight?

Answer 11

sympathetic division

Question 12

rest and digest?

Answer 12

parasympathetic

Question 13

How many motor neurons does each division of the ANS have?

Answer 13

Two

• preganglionic
• postganglionic

Question 14

preganglionic neuron

Answer 14

-cell body is in the brain and spinal

Question 15

What is the sympathetic division also called? Why?

Answer 15

Thoracolumbar division. Their cell bodies are in the lateral horns of the gray matter in the 12 thoracic segments and first 2/3 in lumbar segments of the spinal chord.

Question 16

What are the axons of the sympathetic division called?

Answer 16

Thoracolumbar outflow

Question 17

What is the parasympathetic division known as? Why?

Answer 17

Craniosacral division because neurons are located in the nuclei of four cranial nerves (III, VII, IX, X) & lateral grey ,matter of the second through fourth sacral segments

Question 18

What are the axons of the parasympathetic division called?

Answer 18

Craniosacral outflow

Question 19

Sympathetic ganglia

Answer 19

components of the sympathetic division of ANS

Question 20

Parasympathetic ganglia

Answer 20

components of the parasympathetic division of ANS

Question 21

What are sympathetic ganglia?

Answer 21

the sites of synapse between sympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic neurons.

Question 22

How many major types of sympathetic ganglia?

Answer 22

Two

• sympathetic trunk ganglia
• prevertebral ganglia

Question 23

Sympathetic trunk ganglia

Answer 23

lie in a vertical row on either side of the vertebral column. Extend from the base of the skull to coccyx. Innervate organs ABOVE the diaphragm such as head, neck, shoulders, and heart.

Question 24

What are the specific names for the Sympathetic trunk ganglia in the neck?

Answer 24

superior, middle, inferior cervical ganglia.

Question 25

Length of sympathetic trunk ganglia...

Answer 25

- sympathetic PREganglionic axons are SHORT | - POSTganglionic axons are LONG.

Question 26

Prevertebral ganglia

Answer 26

lies anterior to the vertebral column and close to the large abdominal arteries. Innervate organs BELOW the diaphragm.

Question 27

How many prevertebral ganglia are there?

Answer 27

FIVE

Question 28

Prevertebral Ganglia 1: The Celiac ganglion

Answer 28

on either side of the celiac trunk-artery just inferior to the diaphragm.

Question 29

Prevertebral Ganglia 2: Superior Mesenteric ganglion

Answer 29

near the beginning of the superior mesenteric artery in the upper abdomen.

Question 30

Prevertebral Ganglia 3: Inferior mesenteric ganglion

Answer 30

near the beginning of the inferior mesenteric artery in the middle of the abdomen.

Question 31

Prevertebral Ganglia 4: ???

Answer 31

aorticorenal ganglion

Question 32

prevertebral ganglia 5: Renal ganglion

Answer 32

near renal artery of each kidney

Question 33

Terminal ganglia

Answer 33

Have specific names for the head. - ciliary ganglion - pterygopalatine ganglion - submandibular ganglion - otic ganglion

Question 34

Autonomic Plexuses

Answer 34

tangled networks consisting of both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons. Lie along major arteries.

Question 35

Major plexuses?

Answer 35

Cardiac plexus - heart | pulmonary plexus - bronchial tree

Question 36

Abdomen/pelvis plexuses

Answer 36

celiac plexus is the largest autonomic plexus and surrounds celiac trunk. Axons distribute to the stomach, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, kidneys, adrenal medullae, testes, and ovaries.

Question 37

Superior mesenteric plexus

Answer 37

contains superior mesenteric ganglion/supplies small and large intestines

Question 38

Inferior mesenteric plexus

Answer 38

contains inferior mesenteric ganglion/innervates large intestine.

Question 39

Hypogastric plexus

Answer 39

anterior to the fifth lumbar vertebra to supply the pelvis viscera.

Question 40

The renal plexus

Answer 40

contains renal ganglion and supplies the renal arteries within the kidneys and ureters.