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245 Dental Pharmacology > Autonomic Pharmacology > Flashcards

Autonomic Pharmacology Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system chiefly responsible for?

A

Automated bodily functions such as:
-Regulating BP/heart rate
-GI tract mobility
-Salivary secretions
-Bronchial smooth muscle (lungs/breathing)

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2
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic (SANS)
Parasympathetic (PANS)

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3
Q

What is the parasympathetic NS concerned with?

A

Conserving bodily processes
“rest and digest”
“Putting energy back”

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4
Q

What is the sympathetic NS concerned with?

A

Coping with sudden emergencies
“fight or flight”

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5
Q

Describe the body when PANS is activated? (Bears on TV)

A

Relaxed/”Putting energy back”
-Pupils constricted
-Respiration normal to low
-Normal breathing/bronchioles relatively constricted
-HB slow
-BVs in muscle relatively constricted/not being used
-Increased digestive processes
-Increased saliva producion
-Increase in fat production

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6
Q

Describe the body when SANS is activated? (Bear in the woods”

A

-Pupils dilate
-Respiration increases
-Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle/dilation of bronchioles (increased blood oxygenation)
-HB is faster/stronger
-Increased blood flow to skeletal muscle
-Blood flow to skin and mucosa decreased
-Clotting factors released
-Breakdown of fat tissue
-Quick released of glucose
-Increased sweat production
-GI activity/saliva production slows

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7
Q

What is the neurotransmitter used in preganglionlic synapses for both SANS and PANS? What is the receptor?

A

NT: Acetylcholine
R: Nicotinic

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8
Q

What is the PANS neurotransmitter for postganglionic synapses? What is the receptor?

A

NT: Acetylcholine
R: Muscarinic

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9
Q

What is the SANS neurotransmitter for postganglionic synapses? Receptor?

A

NT: Norepinephrine
R: Adrenergic

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10
Q

What are the two groups of drugs that exert effects on the PANS?

A

PANS agonists (parasympathomimetics)
PANS antagonists (parasympatholytics)

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11
Q

What do PANS agonist drugs do?(parasympathomimetics)

A

Mimics effects of the PANS

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12
Q

What do PANS antagonist drugs do?
(parasympatholytics)

A

Blocks the effects of the PANS

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13
Q

What are the 3 SANS neurotransmitters?

A

Norepinephrine
Epinephrine (adrenaline- dominant in fight or flight)
Acetylcholine

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14
Q

Which ANS uses greek lettering when naming their adrenergic receptors?

A

SANS

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15
Q

What are the two groups of drugs that exert effects on the SANS?

A

SANS agonists (sympathomimetics)
SANS antagonists (sympatholytics)

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16
Q

What do SANS agonist drugs do?
(sympathomimetics)

A

Mimic the effects of the SANS

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17
Q

What do SANS antagonist drugs do?
(sympatholytics)

A

Block the effects of the SANS

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18
Q

What does stimulation of Alpha-1 receptors affect?

A

Blood vessels in skin and mucosa
-stimulation produces vasoconstriction and pupil dilation

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19
Q

What does stimulation of the Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor do?

A

Inhibits release of norepinephrine

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20
Q

What do Beta-1 receptors affect?

A

Stimulates cardiac muscle(1 heart)
Stimulates metabolism (glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis)

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21
Q

What do Beta-2 receptors affect?

Study These Flashcards
A

Stimulates bronchodilation in lungs (2 lungs)
Stimulates vasodilation of BV in skeletal muscle

22
Q

What are the pharmacologic effects of PANS agonists?

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A

“SLUD”
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation

23
Q

Therapeutic uses of PANS agonists

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A

Treatment of xerostomia
Treatment of urine retention
Treatment of glaucoma

24
Q

Contraindications of PANS agonists

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A

Do not use if there is a physical obstruction of the GI or urinary tract

25
What are the pharmacologic effects of PANS **antagonists**?
**"Anti SLUD"** Anti-salivation Anti-lacrimation Anti-urination Anti-defecation
26
**What are the therapeutic uses for PANS antagonists?**
Treatment of IBS (hypermobility) Urinary incontinence Asthma Motion sickness
27
What medical procedures may use PANS antagonists? Why?
Opthalmologic exams- visualization of retinas General anesthesia- prevent aspiration Dentistry- to create a "dry field"
28
**What are the side effects of PANS antagonists?**
Xerostomia Urinary and GI stasis Fever Blurred vision
29
Contraindications for PANS antagonists
Narrow-angle glaucoma (intraocular pressure rise) Prostatic hypertrophy/UT pathology (increase urinary retention) Intestinal pathology (increased constipation)
30
What do autonomic signaling midifiers do? What do they treat?
* Promote vasodilation of the corpus cavernosum- "fil" drugs * **Used to treat ED**
31
Which autonomic signaling modifiers are used to treat erectile dysfunction?
Sildena**fil**- Viagra Vardena**fil**- Levitra Tadala**fil**- Cialis
32
Contraindications and considerations for autonomic signaling modifiers/ED drugs
Possible interaction with nitrous oxide
33
Pharmacologic effects of SANS agonists
Vasoconstriction Bronchodilation Increased cardiac force Increased metabolic rate CNS stimulation
34
Therapeutic uses for SANS agonists
Vasoconstrictors used in dentistry for anesthetics Treatment of asthma Anaphylaxis Dopamine for shock Cardiac arrest Treatment of obesity ADHD Narcolepsy
35
Considerations for SANS agonists
CNS effects: Can cause anxiety and tremors CV effects: May cause tachycardia Decreased salivary flow Produce hyperglycemia
36
Contraindications for SANS agonists
Uncontrolled angina Uncontrolled hypertension Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism
37
Pharmacologic effects of alpha-1 receptor antagonists
Cardio effects: vasodilation, decrease in BP Ophthalmic effects: pupil constriction (miosis)
38
Therapeutic uses of alpha-1 receptor antagonists
Treatment of: Hypertension, benign prostatic hypertrophy, peripheral vascular disease
39
Adverse reactions resulting from alpha-1 receptor antagonists
Orthostatic hypotension CNS depression Fatigue Increased hypotensive effects of other drugs
40
What are the two types of beta receptor antagonists?
Non-selective beta blockers Selective beta-1 blockers
41
What do non-selective beta blockers do?
Block both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors ex: propranalol
42
What do selective beta-1 blockers do?
Block beta-1 receptors to a greater extent than beta-2 receptors ex: atenolol
43
Therapeutic uses for beta receptor antagonists
Treatment of: Arrhythmias, angina, myocardial infarction, hypertension, mild to moderate CHF, migraine headache prophylaxis, anxiety, glaucoma
44
Adverse reactions from beta receptor antagonists
Orthostatic hypotension CNS depression Fatigue
45
Drug interactions with beta receptor antagonists
Increased hypotensive effects of other drugs Added CNS depression with other drugs Diabetes medications: can mask signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia- stress of dental appt can make diabetics burn through glycogen stores
46
Contraindications with beta receptor antagonists
Asthma/COPD- non-selective beta blockers can cause vasoconstriction. Only use beta-1 selective in asthmatics Severe congestive heart failure (lowers cardiac output)
47
Types and uses of alpha-2 receptor agonists
Catapres Decreases central sympathetic outflow Treatment of: hypertension, ADHD, withdrawal symptoms, migraines
48
Adverse reactions with alpha-2 receptor agonists
Orthostatic hypotension, bradychardia, CNS depression, fatigue, respiratory depression, xerostomia, rebound hypertension when stopping usage
49
Drug interactions with alpha-2 receptor agonists
Added hypotensive effects of other drugs Added CNS depression with other drugs
50
Contraindications for alpha-2 receptor agonists
Asthma/COPD (resp. depression) Severe congestive heart failure (lowers cardiac output)
51
Types and uses of alpha/beta receptor antagonists
Coreg Treatment of hypertension - Selective alpha-1 blocker- produces vasodilation - Nonselective beta blocker- blocks increase in heart rate
52
Adverse reactions of alpha/beta receptor antagonists
Orthostatic hypotension CNS depression Fatigue May mask signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia

245 Dental Pharmacology (20 decks)

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