Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Flashcards
What is peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?
A breakdown of the thin, prostaglandin-based protective lining of the stomach
What does peptic ulcer disease lead to?
- Erosion
- Ulceration
- Perforation
What type of bacteria is PUD related to?
Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori)
What is treatment for PUD?
- Livestyle changes: diet, stress reduction
- Eradicate H. pylori
- Decrease acid production
About how long does it take to eradicate H. pylori?
2 weeks of antibiotic therapy
What is GERD?
- When stomach contents “reflux” into esophagus
- Leads to esophageal tissue damage
- Related to position of stomach/cardiac sphincter; hiatal hernia
Treatment for GERD
- Lifestyle changes: diet, stress reduction, elevated sleeping position
- Decrease acid production
What type of medications are used to treat gastric pathologies?
Histamine-2 Receptor ANTAGONISTS
Mechanism of action= block histamine-2 receptors (proton pumps) in stomach wall, decreasing acid production
What are some examples of histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists?
- Cimetidine- Tagamet
- Famotidine- Pepcid
- Nizatidine- Axid
- Ranitidine- Zantac
Which “tidine” meication is the exception to the rule of them being categorized as histamine-2 receptor antagonists?
Loratidine- Claritin
(Antihistamine)
Which histamine-2 receptor antagonist interacts with lidocaine, causing increased side effects?
Tagamet (cimetidine)
What are the uses for Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists?
- Short-term ulcer treatment
- Treatment of GERD
- Treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome)
What is the mechanism of action for proton pump inhibitors?
Inhibit the action of the “proton pump” at the parietal cell in stomach wall, decreasing acid production
What are some typed of PPI’s?
Omeprazole- Prilosec
Iansoprazole- Prevacid
Rabeprazole- Aciphex
Esomeprazole- Nexium
Pantoprazole- Protonix
What is the exception to the “prazole” rule?
Abilify- Aripiprazole
(Antipsychotic)
