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Human Anatomy > Axial Muscles > Flashcards

Axial Muscles Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the epicranius composed of?

A
  • epicranial aponeurosis

- occipital frontalis muscle

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2
Q

What are the actions of the frontal belly of occipitofrontalis?

A
  • moves scalp and eyebrows

- wrinkles skin of forehead

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3
Q

Where is the origin of the frontal belly of occipitofrontalis?

A

frontal bone

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4
Q

Where is the insertion of the frontal belly of occipitofrontalis?

A

epicranial aponeurosis

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5
Q

What are the actions of the occipital belly of occipitalfrontalis?

A

retracts scalp

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6
Q

Where is the origin of the occipital belly of occipitalfrontalis?

A

superior nuchal line

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7
Q

Where is the insertion of the occipital belly of occipitalfrontalis?

A

epicranial aponeurosis

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8
Q

What are the actions of the depressor anguli oris?

A

draws corners of mouth inferiorly and laterally (“frown” muscle)

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9
Q

Where is the origin of the depressor anguli oris?

A

body of mandible

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10
Q

Where is the insertion of the depressor anguli oris?

A

skin at inferior corner (angle) of mouth

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11
Q

What are the actions of the orbicularis oris?

A

compresses and purses lips (“kiss” muscle)

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12
Q

Where is the origin of the orbicularis oris?

A
  • maxilla and mandible

- blend with fibres from other facial muscles

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13
Q

Where is the insertion of the orbicularis oris?

A
  • encircling mouth

- skin and muscles at angles to mouth

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14
Q

What are the actions of the zygomaticus major?

A

elevates corner of the mouth (“smile” muscle)

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15
Q

Where is the origin of the zygomaticus major?

A

zygomatic bone

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16
Q

Where is the insertion of the zygomaticus major?

A

skin at superolateral edge of mouth

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17
Q

What are the actions of the orbicularis oculi?

A
  • closes eye

- produces winking, blinking, squinting (“blink” muscle)

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18
Q

Where is the origin of the orbicularis oculi?

A

medial wall or margin of orbit

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19
Q

Where is the insertion of the orbicularis oculi?

A

skin surrounding eyelids

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20
Q

What are the actions of the platysma?

A
  • pulls lower lip inferiorly

- tenses skin of neck

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21
Q

Where is the origin of the platysma?

A

fascia of deltoid and pectoralis major muscles and acromion of scapula

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22
Q

Where is the insertion of the platysma?

A

skin of cheek and mandible

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23
Q

What are the actions of the temporalis?

A

elevates and retracts mandible

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24
Q

Where is the origin of the temporalis?

A

superior and inferior temporal lines

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25
Where is the insertion of the temporalis?
coronoid process of mandible
26
What are the actions of the masseter?
- elevates and protracts mandible | - prime mover of jaw closure
27
Where is the origin of the masseter?
zygomatic arch
28
Where is the insertion of the masseter?
coronoid process, lateral surface and angle of mandible
29
What are the actions of the medial pterygoid?
- elevates and protracts mandible | - produces side-to-side movement of mandible
30
Where is the origin of the medial pterygoid?
maxilla, palatine, and medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
31
Where is the insertion of the medial pterygoid?
medial surface of mandibular ramus
32
What are the actions of the lateral pterygoid?
- protracts mandible | - produces side-to-side movement of mandible
33
Where is the origin of the lateral pterygoid?
greater wing of sphenoid and lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
34
Where is the insertion of the lateral pterygoid?
condylar process of mandible
35
What are the actions of the sternocleidomastoid?
unilateral action: lateral flexion, rotation of head to opposite side bilateral action: flexes neck
36
Where is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid?
manubrium and sternal end of clavicle
37
Where is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?
mastoid process
38
What are the actions of the scalene muscles?
- flex neck (when 1st rib is fixed) | - elevate 1st and 2nd ribs during forced inhalation when neck is fixed
39
Where is the origin of the scalene muscles?
transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
40
Where is the insertion of the scalene muscles?
superior surface of 1st and 2nd ribs
41
What are the actions of the iliocostalis group?
- extends neck and vertebral column | - maintains posture
42
Where is the origin of the iliocostalis group?
tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior sacrum, and lumbar spinous processes
43
Where is the insertion of the iliocostalis group?
- angles of ribs | - transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
44
What are the actions of the longissimus group?
- extends neck and vertebral column and rotates head | - maintains posture
45
Where is the origin of the longissimus group?
tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior sacrum, and lumbar spinous processes
46
Where is the insertion of the longissimus group?
mastoid process of temporal bone and transverse processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
47
What are the actions of the spinalis group?
- extends neck and vertebral column | - maintains posture
48
Where is the origin of the spinalis group?
lumbar spinous processes (thoracic part) and C7 spinous process (cervical part)
49
Where is the insertion of the spinalis group?
spinous process of axis and thoracic vertebrae
50
What are the actions of the multifidus?
- extends vertebral column | - rotates vertebral column towards opposite sides
51
Where is the origin of the multifidus?
sacrum and transverse processes of each vertebra
52
Where is the insertion of the multifidus?
spinous processes of vertebrae located 2-4 segments superior to origin
53
What are the actions of the quadratus lumborum?
bilateral action: extends vertebral column | unilateral action: laterally flexes vertebral column
54
Where is the origin of the quadratus lumborum?
iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
55
Where is the insertion of the quadratus lumborum?
- last rib | - transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
56
What are the actions of the external intercostals?
elevates ribs during inhalation
57
Where is the origin of the external intercostals?
inferior border of superior rib
58
Where is the insertion of the external intercostals?
superior border of inferior rib
59
What are the actions of the internal intercostals?
- depresses ribs during forced exhalation | - antagonistic to external intercostals
60
Where is the origin and insertion of the internal intercostals?
- Origin: superior border of inferior rib | - Insertion: inferior border of superior rib
61
What are the actions of the diaphragm?
- contraction causes flattening of diaphragm (moves inferiorly), and thus expansion of thoracic cavity - increases pressure in abdominopelvic cavity
62
Where is the origin of the diaphragm?
- inferior internal surface of ribs 7-12 - xiphoid process of sternum - costal cartilages of inferior 6 ribs - lumbar vertebrae
63
Where is the insertion of the diaphragm?
central tendon
64
What are the actions of the external oblique?
unilateral action: lateral flexion of vertebral column, rotation of vertebral column bilateral action: flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal wall, used in forced exhalation
65
Where is the origin of the external oblique?
external and inferior borders of the inferior 8 ribs
66
Where is the insertion of the external oblique?
- linea alba by a broad aponeurosis | - some to iliac crest
67
What are the actions of the internal oblique?
unilateral action: lateral flexion of vertebral column; rotation of vertebral column bilateral action: flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal wall
68
Where is the origin of the internal oblique?
lumbar fascia, inguinal ligament, and iliac crest
69
Where is the insertion of the internal oblique?
linea alba, pubic crest, inferior rib surfaces (last 4 ribs); costal cartilages of ribs 8-10
70
What are the actions of the transversus abdominis?
unilateral action: lateral flexion of vertebral column | bilateral action: flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall, used in forced exhalation
71
Where is the origin of the transversus abdominis?
- iliac crest - cartilages of inferior 6 ribs - lumbar fascia - inguinal ligament
72
Where is the insertion of the transversus abdominis?
linea alba and pubic crest
73
What are the actions of the rectus abdominis?
- flexes vertebral column - compresses abdominal wall - used in forced exhalation
74
Where is the origin of the rectus abdominis?
superior surface of pubis near symphysis
75
Where is the insertion of the rectus abdominis?
- xiphoid process of sternum | - inferior surfaces of ribs 5-7
76
What is unilateral action?
only one muscle (either the left or the right muscle) is contracting
77
What is bilateral action?
both the left and right muscles are contracting together
78
Which muscles extend the head, neck, and/or vertebral column?
- splenius muscles - erector spine (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis) - quadratus lumborum - transversospinalis group - minor deep back muscles - rectus capitis posterior major and minor
79
Which muscles flex the head, neck, and/or vertebral column?
- sternocleidomastoid - scalenes - external oblique - internal oblique - transversus abdominis - rectus abdominis
80
Which muscles laterally flex the vertebral column?
- quadratus lumborum - external oblique - internal oblique - transversus abdominis
81
Which muscles rotate the head and/or neck to one side?
- sternocleidomastoid - splenius muscles - longissimus capitis - obliquuis capitis inferior - obliquais capitis superior
82
Which muscles elevate the ribs?
- serratus posterior superior - external intercostals - scalene muscles (ribs 1 and 2 only)
83
Which muscles depress the ribs?
- serratus posterior inferior - internal intercostals - transversus thoracis

Human Anatomy (15 decks)

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