Upper Appendicular Muscles Flashcards
(177 cards)
1
Q
What is the function of the muscles that move the pectoral girdle?
A
stabilize the scapula during activities of the upper limb
2
Q
Name the 7 muscles that move the pectoral girdle.
A
- pectoralis minor
- serratus anterior
- subclavius
- trapezius
- levator scapulae
- rhomboid minor
- rhomboid major
3
Q
What are the actions of the pectoralis minor?
A
protracts and depresses scapula
4
Q
Where is the origin of the pectoralis minor?
A
ribs 3-5
5
Q
Where is the insertion of the pectoralis minor?
A
coracoid process of the scapula
6
Q
What are the actions of the serratus anterior?
A
- agonist in scapula protraction
- superiorly rotates scapula (so glenoid cavity moves superiorly)
- stabilizes scapula
7
Q
Where is the origin of the serratus anterior?
A
ribs 1-8, anterior and superior margins
8
Q
Where is the insertion of the serratus anterior?
A
medial border of scapula, anterior surface
9
Q
What are the actions of the subclavius?
A
stabilizes and depresses clavicle
10
Q
Where is the origin of the subclavius?
A
rib 1
11
Q
Where is the insertion of the subclavius?
A
inferior surface of clavicle
12
Q
What are the actions of the levator scapulae?
A
- elevates scapulae
- inferiorly rotates scapula (pulls glenoid cavity inferiorly)
13
Q
Where is the origin of the levator scapulae?
A
transverse processes of C1-C4
14
Q
Where is the insertion of the levator scapulae?
A
superior part of the medial border of the scapula
15
Q
What are the actions of the rhomboid major?
A
- elevates and retracts (adducts) scapula
- inferiorly rotates scapula
16
Q
Where is the origin of the rhomboid major?
A
spinous processes of T2-T5
17
Q
Where is the insertion of the rhomboid major?
A
medial border of scapula from spine to inferior angle
18
Q
What are the actions of the rhomboid minor?
A
- elevates and retracts (adducts) scapula
- inferiorly rotates scapula
19
Q
Where is the origin of the rhomboid minor?
A
spinous processes of C7-T1
20
Q
Where is the insertion of the rhomboid minor?
A
medial border of scapula superior to spine
21
Q
What are the actions of the trapezius?
A
- superior fibres: elevate and superiorly rotate scapula
- middle fibres: retract scapula
- inferior fibres: depress scapula
22
Q
Where is the origin of the trapezius?
A
- occipital bone (superior nuchal line)
- ligamentum nuchae
- spinous processes of C7-T12
23
Q
Where is the insertion of the trapezius?
A
- clavicle
- accordion process and spine of scapula
24
Q
How many muscles insert on the humerus and cause movement of the arm?
A
11
25
Which two muscles have their origins on the axial skeleton and move the glenohumeral joint/arm?
- latissimus dorsi
| - pectoralis major
26
What are the four rotator cuff muscles?
- subscapularis
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
27
What are the actions of the latissimus dorsi?
- agonist of arm extension
| - adducts and medially rotates arm ("swimmer's muscle")
28
Where is the origin of the latissimus dorsi?
- spinous processes of T7-T12
- ribs 8-12
- iliac crest
- thoracolumbar fascia
29
Where is the insertion of the latissimus dorsi?
intertubercular groove of humerus
30
What are the actions of the pectoralis major?
- agonist of arm flexion
| - also adducts and medially rotates arm
31
Where is the origin of the pectoralis major?
- medial clavicle
- costal cartilages of ribs 2-6
- body of sternum
32
Where is the insertion of the pectoralis major?
lateral part of intertubercular groove of humerus
33
What are the actions of the deltoid?
- anterior fibres: flex and medially rotate arm
- middle fibres: agonist of arm abduction
- posterior fibres: extend and laterally rotate arm
34
Where is the origin of the deltoid?
- acromial end of the clavicle
| - acromion and spine of the scapula
35
Where is the insertion of the deltoid?
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
36
What are the actions of the coracobrachialis?
adducts and flexes arm
37
Where is the origin of the coracobrachialis?
coracoid process of the scapula
38
Where is the insertion of the coracobrachialis?
middle medial shaft of humerus
39
What are the actions of the teres major?
extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm
40
Where is the origin of the teres major?
inferior lateral border and inferior angle of scapula
41
Where is the insertion of the teres major?
lesser tubercle and intertubercular groove of the humerus
42
What are the actions of the triceps brachii (long head)?
extends and adducts arm
43
Where is the origin of the triceps brachii (long head)?
infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
44
Where is the insertion of the triceps brachii (long head)?
olecranon process of ulna
45
What are the actions of the biceps brachii (long head)?
flexes arm
46
Where is the origin of the biceps brachii (long head)?
supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
47
Where is the insertion of the biceps brachii (long head)?
radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
48
What are the general actions of the rotator cuff muscles?
stabilize the glenohumeral joint
49
What are the actions of the subscapularis?
medially rotates arm
50
Where is the origin of the subscapularis?
subscapular fossa of scapula
51
Where is the insertion of the subscapularis?
lesser tubercle of humerus
52
What are the actions of the supraspinatus?
abducts arm
53
Where is the origin of the supraspinatus?
supraspinous fossa of scapula
54
Where is the insertion of the supraspinatus?
greater tubercle of humerus
55
What are the actions of the infraspinatus?
adducts and laterally rotates arm
56
Where is the origin of the infraspinatus?
infraspinous fossa of the scapula
57
Where is the insertion of the infraspinatus?
greater tubercle of humerus
58
What are the actions of the teres minor?
adducts and laterally rotates arm
59
Where is the origin of the teres minor?
upper dorsal lateral border of scapula (superior to teres major origin)
60
Where is the insertion of the teres minor?
greater tubercle of humerus
61
Which muscles abduct the glenohumeral joint/arm?
- deltoid (middle fibres)
| - supraspinatus
62
Which muscles adduct the glenohumeral joint/arm?
- latissimus dorsi
- pectoralis major
- coracobrachialis
- teres major
- teres minor
- infraspinatus
63
Which muscles extend the glenohumeral joint/arm?
- latissimus dorsi
- deltoid (posterior fibres)
- teres major
- long head of triceps brachii
64
Which muscles flex the glenohumeral joint/arm?
- pectoralis major
- deltoid (anterior fibres)
- coracobrachialis
- long head of biceps brachii
65
Which muscles laterally rotate the glenohumeral joint/arm?
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- deltoid (posterior fibres)
66
Which muscles medially rotate the glenohumeral joint/arm?
- subscapularis
- deltoid (anterior fibres)
- latissimus dorsi
- pectoralis major
- teres major
67
What are the actions of the biceps brachii (long head and short head)?
- flexes forearm, powerful supinator of forearm
| - long head flexes arm
68
Where is the origin of the biceps brachii (long head and short head)?
long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
| short head: coracoid process of scapula
69
Where is the insertion of the biceps brachii (long head and short head)?
radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
70
What are the actions of the brachialis?
primary flexor of forearm
71
Where is the origin of the brachialis?
distal anterior surface of humerus
72
Where is the insertion of the brachialis?
tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna
73
What are the actions of the brachioradialis?
flexes forearm
74
Where is the origin of the brachioradialis?
lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
75
Where is the insertion of the brachioradialis?
styloid process of radius
76
What are the actions of the triceps brachii (long, lateral, and medial head)?
- primary extensor of forearm
| - long head of triceps also extends and adducts arm
77
Where is the origin of the triceps brachii (long, lateral, and medial head)?
long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
lateral head: posterior humerus above radial groove
medial head: posterior humerus below radial groove
78
Where is the insertion of the triceps brachii (long, lateral, and medial head)?
olecranon of ulna
79
What are the actions of the anconeus?
extends forearm
80
Where is the origin of the anconeus?
lateral epicondyle of humerus
81
Where is the insertion of the anconeus?
olecranon of ulna
82
What are the actions of the pronator quadratus?
pronates forearm
83
Where is the origin of the pronator quadratus?
distal one-fourth of ulna
84
Where is the insertion of the pronator quadratus?
distal one-fourth of radius
85
What are the actions of the pronator teres?
pronates forearm
86
Where is the origin of the pronator teres?
medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
87
Where is the insertion of the pronator teres?
lateral surface of radius
88
What are the actions of the supinator?
supinates forearm
89
Where is the origin of the supinator?
lateral epicondyle of humerus and ulna distal to radial notch
90
Where is the insertion of the supinator?
anterolateral surface of radius distal to radial tuberosity
91
Which muscle(s) extend the elbow joint/forearm?
- triceps brachii
| - anconeus
92
Which muscles flex the elbow joint/forearm?
- brachialis
- biceps brachii
- brachioradialis
93
Which muscles pronate the elbow joint/forearm?
- pronator teres
| - pronator quadratus
94
Which muscles supinate the elbow joint/forearm?
- biceps brachii
| - supinator
95
What are the actions of the flexor carpi radialis?
flexes wrist and abducts hand
96
Where is the origin of the flexor carpi radialis?
medial epicondyle of humerus
97
Where is the insertion of the flexor carpi radialis?
base of metacarpals II and III
98
What are the actions of the palmaris longus?
weak wrist flexor
99
Where is the origin of the palmaris longus?
medial epicondyle of humerus
100
Where is the insertion of the palmaris longus?
flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
101
What are the actions of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
flexes wrist and adducts hand
102
Where is the origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
- medial epicondyle of humerus
| - olecranon annd posterior surface of ulna
103
Where is the insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
- pisiform and hamate bones
| - base of metacarpal V
104
What are the actions of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
flexes wrist, 2nd-5th MP joints and PIP joints
105
Where is the origin of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
- medial epicondyle of humerus
| - coronoid process of ulna
106
Where is the insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
middle phalanges of fingers 2-5
107
What are the actions of the flexor pollicis longus?
- flexes MP joint of thumb, IP joint of thumb
| - weakly flexes wrist
108
Where is the origin of the flexor pollicis longus?
- anterior shaft of radius
| - interosseous membrane
109
Where is the insertion of the flexor pollicis longus?
distal phalanx of thumb
110
What are the actions of the flexor digitorum profundus?
flexes wrist, 2nd-5th MP joints, PIP joints, and DIP joints
111
Where is the origin of the flexor digitorum profundus?
- anteromedial surface of ulna
| - interosseous membrane
112
Where is the insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus?
distal phalanges of fingers 2-5
113
What are the actions of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
- extends wrist
| - abducts hand
114
Where is the origin of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
115
Where is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
base of metacarpal II
116
What are the actions of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
- extends wrist
| - abducts hand
117
Where is the origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
lateral epicondyle of humerus
118
Where is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
base of metacarpal III
119
What are the actions of the extensor digitorum?
- extends wrist
| - extends 2nd-5th MP joints, PIP joints, and DIP joints
120
Where is the origin of the extensor digitorum?
lateral epicondyle of humerus
121
Where is the insertion of the extensor digitorum?
distal and middle phalanges of fingers 2-5
122
What are the actions of the extensor digiti minimi?
extends wrist, MP, and PIP joints of finger 5
123
Where is the origin of the extensor digiti minimi?
lateral epicondyle of humerus
124
Where is the insertion of the extensor digiti minimi?
proximal phalanx of finger 5
125
What are the actions of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
- extends wrist
| - adducts hand
126
Where is the origin of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
- lateral epicondyle of humerus
| - posterior border of ulna
127
Where is the insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
base of metacarpal V
128
What are the actions of the abductor pollicis longus?
- abducts thumb
| - extends wrist (weakly)
129
Where is the origin of the abductor pollicis longus?
- proximal dorsal surfaces of radius and ulna
| - interosseous membrane
130
Where is the insertion of the abductor pollicis longus?
lateral edge of metacarpal I
131
What are the actions of extensor pollicis brevis?
- extends MP joints of thumb
| - extends wrist (weakly)
132
Where is the origin of the extensor pollicis brevis?
- posterior surface of radius
| - interosseous membrane
133
Where is the insertion of the extensor pollicis brevis?
proximal phalanx of thumb
134
What are the actions of the extensor pollicis longus?
- extends MP and IP joints of thumb
| - extends wrist (weakly)
135
Where is the origin of the extensor pollicis longus?
- posterior surface of ulna
| - interosseous membrane
136
Where is the insertion of the extensor pollicis longus?
distal phalanx of thumb
137
What are the actions of the extensor indicis?
- extends MP, PIP, and DIP joints of finger 2
| - extends wrist (weakly)
138
Where is the origin of the extensor indicis?
- posterior surface of ulna
| - interosseous membrane
139
Where is the insertion of the extensor indicis?
tendon of extensor digitorum
140
What are the actions of the flexor pollicis brevis?
flexes thumb
141
Where is the origin of the flexor pollicis brevis?
- flexor retinaculum
| - trapezium
142
Where is the insertion of the flexor pollicis brevis?
proximal phalanx of thumb
143
What are the actions of the abductor pollicis brevis?
abducts thumb
144
Where is the origin of the abductor pollicis brevis?
- flexor retinaculum
- scaphoid
- trapezium
145
Where is the insertion of the abductor pollicis brevis?
lateral side of proximal phalanx of thumb
146
What are the actions of the opponens pollicis?
opposition of thumb
147
Where is the origin of the opponens pollicis?
- flexor retinaculum
| - trapezium
148
Where is the insertion of the opponens pollicis?
lateral side of metacarpal I
149
What are the actions of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?
flexes finger 5
150
Where is the origin of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?
- hamate bone
| - flexor retinaculum
151
Where is the insertion of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?
proximal phalanx of finger 5
152
What are the actions of the abductor digiti minimi?
abducts finger 5
153
Where is the origin of the abductor digiti minimi?
- pisiform bone
| - tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
154
Where is the insertion of the abductor digiti minimi?
proximal phalanx of finger 5
155
What are the actions of the opponens digiti minimi?
opposition of finger 5
156
Where is the origin of the opponens digiti minimi?
- hamate bone
| - flexor retinaculum
157
Where is the insertion of the opponens digiti minimi?
metacarpal bone V
158
What are the actions of the lumbricals?
- flexes 2nd-5th MP joints
| - extends 2nd-5th PIP and DIP joints
159
Where is the origin of the lumbricals?
tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
160
Where is the insertion of the lumbricals?
dorsal tendons on fingers 2-5
161
What are the actions of the dorsal interossei?
- abducts fingers 2-5
- flexes MP joints 2-5
- extends PIP and DIP joints
162
Where is the origin of the dorsal interossei?
adjacent, opposing faces of metacarpals
163
Where is the insertion of the dorsal interossei?
dorsal tendons of fingers 2-5
164
What are the actions of the palmar interossei?
- adducts fingers 2-5
- flexes MP joints 2-5
- extends PIP and DIP joints
165
Where is the origin of the palmar interossei?
metacarpal bones II, IV, V
166
Where is the insertion of the palmar interossei?
sides of proximal phalanx bases for fingers 2, 4, and 5
167
What are the actions of the adductor pollicis?
adducts thumb
168
Where is the origin of the adductor pollicis?
- oblique head of capitate bone
- bases of metacarpals II, III
- transverse head of metacarpal III
169
Where is the insertion of the adductor pollicis?
medial side of proximal phalanx of thumb
170
Which muscles abduct the hand?
- flexor carpi radialis
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor carpi radialis longus
171
Which muscles adduct the hand?
- extensor carpi ulnaris
| - flexor carpi ulnaris
172
Which muscles extend the wrist?
- extensor digitorum
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor carpi radialis longus
- extensor carpi ulnaris
- extensor indicis
- extensor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis brevis
- abductor pollicis longus
173
Which muscles flex the wrist?
- flexor carpi radialis
- flexor carpi ulnaris
- flexor digitorum superficialis
- flexor digitorum profundus
- palmaris longus
- flexor pollicis longus
174
Which muscles abduct the finger?
- dorsal interossei
- abductor pollicis longus
- abductor pollicis brevis
- abductor digiti minimi
175
Which muscles adduct the finger?
- palmar interossei
| - adductor pollicis
176
Which muscles extend the IP joint?
- extensor digitorum
- extensor indicis
- extensor pollicis brevis
- extensor pollicis longus
- extensor digiti minimi
- lumbricals
- dorsal interossei
- palmar interossei
177
What muscles flex the IP joint?
- flexor digitorum profundus
- flexor digitorum superficialis
- flexor pollicis longus
- flexor pollicis brevis
- flexor digiti minimi
