Lower Appendicular Muscles Flashcards
(168 cards)
1
Q
What are the actions of the psoas major?
A
flexes thigh
2
Q
Where is the origin of the psoas major?
A
transverse processes and bodies of T12-L5 vertebrae
3
Q
Where is the insertion of the psoas major?
A
lesser trochanter of femur with iliacus
4
Q
What are the actions of the iliacus?
A
flexes thigh
5
Q
Where is the origin of the iliacus?
A
iliac fossa
6
Q
Where is the insertion of the iliacus?
A
lesser trochanter of femur with psoas major
7
Q
What are the actions of the sartorius?
A
- flexes thigh and rotates thigh laterally
- flexes leg and rotates leg medially
8
Q
Where is the origin of the sartorius?
A
anterior superior iliac spine
9
Q
Where is the insertion of the sartorius?
A
tibial tuberosity, medial side
10
Q
What are the actions of the rectus femoris?
A
- flexes thigh
- extends leg
11
Q
Where is the origin of the rectus femoris?
A
anterior inferior iliac spine
12
Q
Where is the insertion of the rectus femoris?
A
quadriceps tendon to patella then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
13
Q
What are the actions of the adductor longus?
A
- adducts thigh
- flexes thigh
14
Q
Where is the origin of the adductor longus?
A
pubis near pubic symphysis
15
Q
Where is the insertion of the adductor longus?
A
linea aspera of femur
16
Q
What are the actions of the adductor brevis?
A
- adducts thigh
- flexes thigh
17
Q
Where is the origin of the adductor brevis?
A
inferior ramus and body of pubis
18
Q
Where is the insertion of the adductor brevis?
A
upper third of linea aspera of femur
19
Q
What are the actions of the gracilis?
A
- adducts and flexes thigh
- flexes leg
20
Q
Where is the origin of the gracilis?
A
inferior ramus and body of pubis
21
Q
Where is the insertion of the gracilis?
A
upper medial surface of tibia
22
Q
What are the actions of the pectineus?
A
- adducts thigh
- flexes thigh
23
Q
Where is the origin of the pectineus?
A
pectineal line of pubis
24
Q
Where is the insertion of the pectineus?
A
pectineal line of femur
25
What are the actions of the adductor magnus?
- adducts thigh
- adductor part of muscle flexes thigh
- hamstring part of muscle extends and laterally rotates thigh
26
Where is the origin of the adductor magnus?
inferior ramus of pubis and ischial tuberosity
27
Where is the insertion of the adductor magnus?
hamstring part: linea aspera of femur
| adductor part: adductor tubercle of femur
28
What are the actions of the obturator externus?
laterally rotates thigh
29
Where is the origin of the obturator externus?
margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
30
Where is the insertion of the obturator externus?
trochanteric fossa of posterior femur
31
What are the actions of the tensor fasciae latae?
- abducts thigh
| - medially rotates thigh
32
Where is the origin of the tensor fasciae latae?
- iliac crest
| - lateral surface of anterior superior iliac spine
33
Where is the insertion of the tensor fasciae latae?
iliotibial band
34
What are the actions of the gluteus maximus?
- extends thigh
| - laterally rotates thigh
35
Where is the origin of the gluteus maximus?
- iliac crest
- sacrum
- coccyx
36
Where is the insertion of the gluteus maximus?
- iliotibial tract of fascia lata
| - linea aspera and gluteal tuberosity of femur
37
What are the actions of the gluteus medius?
- abducts thigh
| - medially rotates thigh
38
Where is the origin of the gluteus medius?
- posterior iliac crest
| - lateral surface between posterior and anterior gluteal lines
39
Where is the insertion of the gluteus medius?
greater trochanter of femur
40
What are the actions of the gluteus minimus?
- abducts thigh
| - medially rotates thigh
41
Where is the origin of the gluteus minimus?
lateral surface of ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines
42
Where is the insertion of the gluteus minimus?
greater trochanter of femur
43
What are the actions of the piriformis?
laterally rotates thigh
44
Where is the origin of the piriformis?
anterolateral surface of sacrum
45
Where is the insertion of the piriformis?
greater trochanter
46
What are the actions of the superior gemellus?
laterally rotates thigh
47
Where is the origin of the superior gemellus?
ischial spine and tuberosity
48
Where is the insertion of the superior gemellus?
obturator internus tendon
49
What are the actions of the obturator internus?
laterally rotates thigh
50
Where is the origin of the obturator internus?
- posterior surface of obturator membrane
| - margins of obturator foramen
51
Where is the insertion of the obturator internus?
greater trochanter
52
What are the actions of the inferior gemellus?
laterally rotates thigh
53
Where is the origin of the inferior gemellus?
ischial tuberosity
54
Where is the insertion of the inferior gemellus?
obturator internus tendon
55
What are the actions of the quadrates femoris?
laterally rotates thigh
56
Where is the origin of the quadrates femoris?
lateral border of ischial tuberosity
57
Where is the insertion of the quadrates femoris?
intertrochanteric crest of femur
58
What are the actions of the biceps femoris?
- extends thigh (long head only)
- flexes leg (both long head and short head)
- laterally rotates leg
59
Where is the origin of the biceps femoris?
long head: ischial tuberosity
| short head: linea aspera of femur
60
Where is the insertion of the biceps femoris?
head of fibula
61
What are the actions of the semimembranosus?
- extends thigh
- flexes leg
- medially rotates leg
62
Where is the origin of the semimembranosus?
ischial tuberosity
63
Where is the insertion of the semimembranosus?
posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
64
What are the actions of the semitendinosus?
- extends thigh
- flexes leg
- medially rotates leg
65
Where is the origin of the semitendinosus?
ischial tuberosity
66
Where is the insertion of the semitendinosus?
proximal medial surface of tibia
67
Which muscles abduct the hip joint/thigh?
- gluteus maximus
- gluteus minimus
- tensor fasciae latae
68
Which muscles adduct the hip joint/thigh?
- adductor brevis
- adductor longus
- adductor magnus
- gracilis
- pectineus
69
Which muscles extend the hip joint/thigh?
- gluteus maximus
- adductor magnus (hamstring part)
- biceps femoris (long head)
- semimembranosus
- semitendinosus
70
Which muscles flex the hip joint/thigh?
- iliopsoas
- adductor brevis
- adductor longus
- adductor magnus (adductor part)
- pectineus
- sartorius
- rectus femoris
- gracilis
71
Which muscles laterally rotate the hip joint/thigh?
- adductor magnus (hamstring part)
- gluteus maximus
- sartorius
- obturator externus
- obturator internus
- piriformis
- superior gemellus
- inferior gemellus
- quadrates femoris
72
Which muscles medially rotate the hip joint/thigh?
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus
- tensor fasciae latae
73
What are the actions of the vastus intermedius?
extends leg
74
Where is the origin of the vastus intermedius?
anterolateral surface of femur
75
Where is the insertion of the vastus intermedius?
quadriceps tendon to patella and then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
76
What are the actions of the vastus lateralis?
extends leg
77
Where is the origin of the vastus lateralis?
greater trochanter and linea aspera
78
Where is the insertion of the vastus lateralis?
quadriceps tendon to patella and then patella ligament to tibial tuberosity
79
What are the actions of the vastus medialis?
extends leg
80
Where is the origin of the vastus medialis?
intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of femur
81
Where is the insertion of the vastus medialis?
quadriceps tendon to patella and then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
82
What 3 muscles make up the hamstrings?
- biceps femoris
- semimembranosus
- semitendinosus
83
What are the actions of the extensor digitorum longus?
- extends toes 2-5
| - dorsiflexes foot
84
Where is the origin of the extensor digitorum longus?
- lateral condyle of tibia
- anterior surface of fibula
- interosseous membrane
85
Where is the insertion of the extensor digitorum longus?
distal phalanges of toes 2-5
86
What are the actions of the extensor hallucis longus?
- extends great toe (1)
| - dorsiflexes foot
87
Where is the origin of the extensor hallucis longus?
- anterior surface of fibula
| - interosseous membrane
88
Where is the insertion of the extensor hallucis longus?
distal phalanx of great toe (1)
89
What are the actions of the fibularis tertius?
dorsiflexes and weakly everts foot
90
Where is the origin of the fibularis tertius?
- anterior distal surface of fibula
| - interosseous membrane
91
Where is the insertion of the fibularis tertius?
base of metatarsal V
92
What are the actions of the tibialis anterior?
- dorsiflexes foot
| - inverts foot
93
Where is the origin of the tibialis anterior?
- lateral condyle and proximal shaft of tibia
| - interosseous membrane
94
Where is the insertion of the tibialis anterior?
metatarsal I and first (medial) cuneiform
95
What are the actions of the fibularis longus?
- everts foot
| - weak plantar flexor
96
Where is the origin of the fibularis longus?
- head and superior two-thirds of shaft of fibula
| - lateral condyle of tibia
97
Where is the insertion of the fibularis longus?
- base of metatarsal I
| - meidal cuneiform bone
98
What are the actions of the fibularis brevis?
- everts foot
| - weak plantor flexor
99
Where is the origin of the fibularis brevis?
midlateral shaft of fibula
100
Where is the insertion of the fibularis brevis?
base of metatarsal V
101
Which 2 muscles make up the triceps surae?
- gastrocnemius
| - soleus
102
What are the actions of the gastrocnemius?
- flexes leg
| - plantar flexes foot
103
Where is the origin of the gastrocnemius?
superior posterior surfaces of lateral and medial condyles of femur
104
Where is the insertion of the gastrocnemius?
calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
105
What are the actions of the soleus?
plantar flexes foot
106
Where is the origin of the soleus?
- head and proximal shaft of fibula
| - medial border of tibia
107
Where is the insertion of the soleus?
calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
108
What are the actions of the plantaris?
weak leg flexor and plantar flexor
109
Where is the origin of the plantaris?
lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
110
Where is the insertion of the plantaris?
posterior region of calcaneus
111
What are the actions of the flexor digitorum longus?
- plantar flexes foot
| - flexes MP, PIP, and DIP joints of toes 2-5
112
Where is the origin of the flexor digitorum longus?
posteromedial surface of tibia
113
Where is the insertion of the flexor digitorum longus?
distal phalanges of toes 2-5
114
What are the actions of the flexor hallucis longus?
- plantar flexes foot
| - flexes MP and IP joints of great toe (1)
115
Where is the origin of the flexor hallucis longus?
posterior inferior two-thirds of fibula
116
Where is the insertion of the flexor hallucis longus?
distal phalanx of great toe (1)
117
What are the actions of the tibialis posterior?
- plantar flexes foot
| - inverts foot
118
Where is the origin of the tibialis posterior?
- fibula, tibia, and interosseous membrane
119
Where is the insertion of the tibialis posterior?
- metatarsals II-IV
- navicular bone
- cuboid bone
- all cuneiforms
120
What are the actions of the popliteus?
- flexes leg
| - medially rotates tibia to unlock the knee
121
Where is the origin of the popliteus?
lateral condyle of femur
122
Where is the insertion of the popliteus?
posterior, proximal surface of tibia
123
Which muscles extend the knee joint/leg?
quadriceps femoris:
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus intermedius
- vastus medialis
124
Which muscles flex the knee joint/leg?
- sartorius
- gracilis
- adductor longus
- adductor brevis
- adductor magnus
- biceps femoris
- semimembranosus
- semitendinosus
- gastrocnemius
- popliteus
- (plantaris)
125
What are the actions of the extensor hallucis brevis?
extends MP joint of great toe (1)
126
Where is the origin of the extensor hallucis brevis?
calcaneus and inferior extensor retinaculum
127
Where is the insertion of the extensor hallucis brevis?
proximal phalanx of great toe (1)
128
What are the actions of the extensor digitorum brevis?
extends MP, PIP, and DIP joints of toes 2-4
129
Where is the origin of extensor digitorum brevis?
calcaneus and inferior extensor retinaculum
130
Where is the insertion of the extensor digitorum brevis?
middle phalanges of toes 2-4
131
What are the actions of the flexor digitorum brevis?
flexes MP and PIP joints of toes 2-5
132
Where is the origin of the flexor digitorum brevis?
calcaneus
133
Where is the insertion of the flexor digitorum brevis?
middle phalanges of toes 2-5
134
What are the actions of the abductor hallucis?
abducts great toe (1)
135
Where is the origin of the abductor hallucis?
calcaneus
136
Where is the insertion of the abductor hallucis?
medial side of proximal phalanx of great toe (1)
137
What are the actions of the abductor digiti minimi?
abducts toe 5
138
Where is the origin of the abductor digiti minimi?
calcaneus (inferior surface tuberosity)
139
Where is the insertion of the abductor digiti minimi?
lateral side of proximal phalanx of toe 5
140
What are the actions of the quadratus plantae?
pulls on flexor digitorum longus tendons to flex toes 2-5
141
Where is the origin of the quadratus plantae?
- calcaneus
| - long plantar ligament
142
Where is the insertion of the quadratus plantae?
tendons of flexor digitorum longus
143
What are the actions of the lumbricals?
flexes MP joints and extends PIP and DIP joints of toes 2-5
144
Where is the origin of the lumbricals?
tendons of flexor digitorum longus
145
Where is the insertion of the lumbricals?
tendons of extensor digitorum longus
146
What are the actions of the adductor hallucis?
adducts great toe (1)
147
Where is the origin of the adductor hallucis?
transverse head: capsules of MP joints III-V
| oblique head: bases of metatarsals II-IV
148
Where is the insertion of the adductor hallucis?
lateral side of proximal phalanx of great toe (1)
149
What are the actions of the flexor hallucis brevis?
flexes MP joint of great toe (1)
150
Where is the origin of the flexor hallucis brevis?
cuboid and lateral (3rd) cuneiform bones
151
Where is the insertion of the flexor hallucis brevis?
proximal phalanx of great toe (1)
152
What are the actions of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?
flexes MP joint of toe 5
153
Where is the origin of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?
metatarsal V
154
Where is the insertion of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?
proximal phalanx of toe 5
155
What are the actions of the dorsal interossei?
abducts toes
156
Where is the origin of the dorsal interossei?
adjacent sides of metatarsals
157
Where is the insertion of the dorsal interossei?
sides of proximal phalanges of toes 2-4
158
What are the actions of plantar interossei?
adducts toes
159
Where is the origin of the plantar interossei?
sides of metatarsals III-V
160
Where is the insertion of the plantar interossei?
medial side of proximal phalanges of toes 3-5
161
Which muscles dorsiflex the foot?
- tibialis anterior
- extensor digitorum longus
- extensor hallucis longus
- fibularis tertius
162
Which muscles plantar flex the foot?
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- flexor digitorum longus
- flexor hallucis longus
- tibialis posterior
- fibularis longus
- fibularis brevis
- plantaris
163
Which muscles evert the foot?
- fibularis longus
- fibularis brevis
- fibularis tertius
164
Which muscles invert the foot?
- tibialis posterior
| - tibialis anterior
165
Which muscles extend the toes?
- extensor digitorum longus
- extensor hallucis longus
- extensor digitorum brevis
- extensor hallucis brevis
166
Which muscles flex the toes?
- flexor digitorum longus
- flexor hallucis longus
- flexor digitorum brevis
- flexor hallucis brevis
- flexor digiti minimi brevis
167
Which muscles abduct the toes?
- abductor hallucis
- abductor digiti minimi
- dorsal interossei
168
Which muscles adduct the toes?
- adductor hallucis
| - plantar interossei
