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Biol 348 Anatomy > axial skeleton > Flashcards

axial skeleton Flashcards

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1
Q

structures of bones include

A
  • articulations
  • landmarks
  • foramina
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2
Q

what type of structure indicate contacts with other bones?

A

articulation

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3
Q

what type of structure indicate areas of muscle and ligament attachment?

A

landmarks

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4
Q

what type of structure indicate openings for nerves and blood vessels?

A

foramina

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5
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Forms the longitudinal axis of the body

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6
Q

how many bones does skull have?

A
  • 8 cranial bones
  • 14 facial bones
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7
Q

Bones associated with the skull

A
  • 6 auditory ossicles
  • The hyoid bone
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8
Q

bones in vertebral column

A
  • 24 vertebrae (singular = vertebra)
  • The sacrum
  • The coccyx
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9
Q

bones in thoracic cage

A
  • 24 ribs
  • The sternum
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10
Q

function of axial skeletion

A
  1. Attaches to muscles of head, neck, and trunk
  2. Performs respiratory movements
  3. Stabilizes parts of appendicular skeleton
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11
Q

what does the skull protect?

A
  • The brain
  • Entrances to respiratory system
  • Entrance to digestive system
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12
Q

function of facial bones

A

Protect and support entrances to digestive and respiratory tracts

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13
Q

Cranial Bones

A
  • Enclose the cranial cavity
  • Which contains the brain
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14
Q

Facial Bones

A

have 2 parts:
- superficial facial bones
- deep facial bones

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15
Q

superficial facial bones

A

muscle attachment

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16
Q

deep facial bones

A

Separate the oral and nasal cavities

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17
Q

which type of facial bone will form nasal septum?

A

deep facial bones

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18
Q

sinuses

A

Cavities that decrease the weight of the skull

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19
Q

which cavity lined with mucous membrane and protect entrance of respiratory system?

A

sinuses

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20
Q

sutures

A

The immovable joints of the skull

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21
Q

four major sutures

A
  1. Lambdoid suture
  2. Coronal suture
  3. Sagittal suture
  4. Squamous suture
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22
Q

lambdoid suture

A

separates the occipital from the parietal bone

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23
Q

which type of suture contain sutural bone?

A

lambdoid suture

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24
Q

sagittal suture

A
  • between parietal bones
  • from lambdoid suture to coronal suture
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25
squamous suture
Form boundaries between temporal bones and parietal bones
26
Coronal Suture
Attaches frontal bone to parietal bones
27
calvaria (skullcap)
Consists of occipital, parietal, and frontal bones
28
types of cranial bones
* Occipital bone * Parietal bones * Frontal bone * Temporal bones * Sphenoid * Ethmoid
29
types of bone in occipital bone
- foramen magnum - occipital condyles
30
foramen magnum
connects cranial and spinal cavity
31
Functions of the temporal bones
1. Part of lateral walls of cranium and zygomatic arches 2. Articulate with mandible 3. Surround and protect inner ear 4. Attach muscles of jaws and head
32
Auditory Ossicles
Three tiny bones in tympanic cavity (middle ear)
33
sound transfer from _________ ____________ to __________ ______
tympanic membrane (eardrum) to inner ear
34
_________ _________support the lower teeth
Alveolar processes
35
Mental protuberance
attaches facial muscles
36
Marks of the mandible
- body - alveolar processes - mental protuberance
37
infant skull
- grow rapidly - relatively large to body
38
what kind of ossification does infant skull have?
intramembranous ossification
39
does infant skull completed?
fusion is not complete at birth
40
Fontanelles
areas of fibrous connective tissue (soft spots)
41
which structure cover unfused sutures in the infant skull ?
fontanelles
42
which structure allow skull to flex at birth?
fontanelles
43
4 types of fontanelles
* Anterior Fontanelle * Occipital Fontanelle* * Sphenoidal Fontanelles* * Mastoid Fontanelles*
44
which types of fontanelles will disappear 1-2 months old?
*Occipital, sphenoidal, and mastoid
45
Anterior fontenelle
Frontal, sagittal, and coronal sutures
46
abnormalities of cranial growth
- craniostenosis - deformational plagiocephaly
47
Craniostenosis
* Premature closure of fontanelle * Unusual distortions
48
Deformational Plagiocephaly
Repeated pressure on the same area
49
how many bones does vertebral column have?
total 26 - 24 vertebrae - sacrum - coccyx
50
how many vertebrae does the neck have?
7 cervical vertebrae
51
how many vertebrae does the upper back have?
12 thoracic vertebrae
52
what does thoracic vertebrae associate with?
Each articulates with one or more pair of ribs
53
how many vertebrae does the lower back have?
5 lumbar vertebrae
54
which vertebrae associate with sacrum?
5th lumbar vertebra
55
which structure articulate with coccyx?
sacrum
56
4 spinal curves
1. Cervical curve 2. Thoracic curve 3. Lumbar curve 4. Sacral curve
57
which vertebra region is the spinous process of vertebra prominens?
C7
58
which cervical vertebrae has no spinous process?
C1 (atlas) -> yes
59
C2 vertebra
axis -> no
60
what does sacrum attach to?
* The axial skeleton to pelvic girdle * Broad muscles that move the thigh
61
what does adult sacrum consist of?
five fused sacral vertebrae
62
which structure attaches ligaments and anal sphincter?
coccyx
63
what does mature coccyx consist of?
three to five (typically 4) fused coccygeal vertebrae
64
what strucutre does thoracic cage support ?
thoracic cavity: thoracic vertebrae, ribs, sternum
65
Pectoral Girdle consist of:
* clavicles – (2) * Scapulae – (2)
66
what type of bone does arm (branchium) have?
humerus
67
which structure does humerus articulate with?
pectoral girdle

Biol 348 Anatomy (25 decks)

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