endocrine system (347)

Question 1

two parts of the pituitary gland

Answer 1

• anterior pituitary
• posterior pituitary

Question 2

other name of anterior pituitary

Answer 2

adenohypophysis

Question 3

other name of the posterior pituitary

Answer 3

neurohypophysis

Question 4

what hormone released by anterior pituitary target the thyroid? function?

Answer 4

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH
-> release thyroid hormones T3 and T4

Question 5

what hormone released by anterior pituitary target the breast? function?

Answer 5

prolactin (PRL)
-> produce milk

Question 6

what hormone released by anterior pituitary target the ovaries and testes? function?

Answer 6

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)
-> release sex hormone and develop gametes

Question 7

what hormone released by anterior pituitary target the adrenal gland? function?

Answer 7

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
-> release corticosteroid

Question 8

what hormone released by anterior pituitary target the liver? function?

Answer 8

growth hormone (GH)
-> promote growth

Question 9

what hormone released by anterior pituitary target the melanocyte? function?

Answer 9

melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
-> increase melanin synthesis

Question 10

what hormone released by posterior pituitary? function?

Answer 10

oxytocin & antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

-> oxytocin: uterine contraction for labor & breast contraction for lactation

-> ADH: help kidney control amount of water and salt in body

Question 11

which part of the posterior pituitary released oxytocin?

Answer 11

paraventricular nucleus

Question 12

which part of the posterior pituitary released ADH?

Answer 12

supraoptic nucleus

Question 13

what hormones released by thyroid?

Answer 13

T3: triiodothyronine
T4: thyroxine

Question 14

which cell in the thyroid produce calcitonin?

Answer 14

parafollicular cell (C cells)

Question 15

which cells in the parathyroid gland produce parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Answer 15

chief cells (principal cells)

Question 16

three layers of adrenal cortex

Answer 16

• zona glomerulosa
• zona fasciculata
• zona recticularis

Question 17

which hormone does zona glomerulosa released?

Answer 17

Mineralocorticoids -> aldosterone

Question 18

which hormone does zona fasciculata released?

Answer 18

glucocorticoids -> cortisol

Question 19

which hormone does zona recticularis released?

Answer 19

androgens (sex hormones)

Question 20

which hormone does adrenal medulla released?

Answer 20

epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE)

Question 21

alpha cells and beta cells in pancreas are __________ _______

Answer 21

pancreatic islets

Question 22

what hormone does the alpha cells released? function?

Answer 22

glucagon -> increase glucose

Question 23

what hormone does the beta cells released? function?

Answer 23

insulin -> decrease glucose

Question 24

which hormone does the pineal gland released?

Answer 24

melatonin

Question 25

which hormone does the thymus released?

Answer 25

thymosin -> develop T cells

Question 26

which hormone does the kidney released?

Answer 26

- erythropoietin (EPO) -> RBC production - renin -> control production of aldosterone

Question 27

which hormone does the heart released?

Answer 27

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 28

which hormone does the ovaries released?

Answer 28

-estrogens -progesterone

Question 29

which hormone does the testes released?

Answer 29

- androgens - testosterone

Question 30

source of ACTH

Answer 30

corticotrophic cells of pars distalis

Question 31

target of ACTH

Answer 31

adrenal cortex

Question 32

source of FSH & LH

Answer 32

gonadotropic cells of pars distalis

Question 33

target of FSH & LH

Answer 33

testes and ovaries

Question 34

source of TSH

Answer 34

thyrotropic cells of pars distalis

Question 35

target of TSH

Answer 35

thyroid gland

Question 36

source of prolactin

Answer 36

mammortropic cells

Question 37

target of prolactin

Answer 37

-mammary glands -interstitial cells of testes

Question 38

source of GH

Answer 38

somatic cells

Question 39

target of GH

Answer 39

almost every cells in the body

Question 40

source of oxytocin

Answer 40

supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus

Question 41

target of oxytocin

Answer 41

- female: uterus, mammary gland - male: smooth muscle of the reproductive tract

Question 42

source of ADH

Answer 42

supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus

Question 43

target of ADH

Answer 43

kidneys & smooth muscle of arteriole walls

Question 44

source of mineralcorticoid

Answer 44

zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex

Question 45

target of mineralcorticoid

Answer 45

kidneys cells

Question 46

source of glucocorticoid

Answer 46

zona fasciculata of adrenal cortex

Question 47

target of glucocorticoid

Answer 47

liver cells

Question 48

source of gonadocorticoid

Answer 48

zona recticularis of adrenal cortex

Question 49

target of gonadocorticoid

Answer 49

sex organs, gonads

Question 50

source of epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 50

chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla

Question 51

target of E & NE

Answer 51

various cells throughout body

Question 52

Is pancreatic acini act as endocrine/ exocrine?

Answer 52

exocrine

Question 53

Is pancreatic islets act as endocrine/ exocrine?

Answer 53

endocrine

Question 54

source of glucagon

Answer 54

alpha cells of pancreatic islet

Question 55

target of glucagon

Answer 55

liver, adipose cells

Question 56

source of insulin

Answer 56

beta cells of pancreatic islets

Question 57

target of insulin

Answer 57

liver, body cells